Diaphragm

Question 1

Diaphragm: Thin muscular and tendinous septum that separates
the thoracic cavity from the ___ cavity

Answer 1

abdominal

Question 2

The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen
* ______ – T8 – inferior vena
cava

Answer 2

Caval hiatus

Question 3

3 hiatus that pierce the diaphragm

Answer 3

Caval, esophageal, aortic

Question 4

The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen–_______ hiatus – T10

Answer 4

Esophageal

Question 5

The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen–Aortic hiatus – ____ – aorta passes
behind the diaphragm

Answer 5

T12

Question 6

The ___ of the
diaphragm are musculotendinous
bands that arise from the anterior
surface of L1-3/IVDs and the anterior
longitudinal ligamen

Answer 6

crura (singular, crus)

Question 7

T/F: Right crus is smaller and shorter than the
left crus

Answer 7

F: Right crus is larger and longer

Question 8

______ passes through the
right crus and helps to form a sling to
constrict esophagus

Answer 8

Esophageal hiatus

Question 10

Esophageal hiatuspasses through the
right crus and helps to form a sling to
constrict ___

Answer 10

esophagus

Question 11

____ ligament – unites the
crura and forms the aortic hiatus

Answer 11

Median arcuate

Question 12

___arcuate ligament – thickening
of fascia (psoas major)

Answer 12

Medial

Question 13

____ arcuate ligament – thickening
of fascia (quadratus lumborum)

Answer 13

Lateral

Question 14

Innervation (somatic motor) to the diaphragm via:

Answer 14

phrenic
nerve (C3-C5)

Question 15

Phrenic nerve also carries
_____ information (pain and
proprioception)

Answer 15

somatic sensory

Question 16

Arterial Supply to diaphragm:

Superior surface:
pericardiacophrenic and
musculophrenic arteries (from
________.) and superior
phrenic arteries (from thoracic aorta)

Answer 16

internal thoracic a

Question 17

(arterial supply) Inferior surface of diaphragm is:

Answer 17

inferior phrenic arteries (from abdominal aorta)

Question 18

(Arterial Supply to diaphragm)

Superior surface:

Answer 18

pericardiacophrenic and
musculophrenic arteries and superior
phrenic arteries

Question 19

(Diaphragm) Venous Drainage

• Superior surface:
  pericardiacophrenic and
  musculophrenic veins drain into
  ____ veins; superior
  phrenic vein drain into ___ (right
  side)

Answer 19

Internal thoracic; IVC

Question 20

(Diaphragm) Venous Drainage:
Inferior surface: right inferior phrenic
vein drain into ___ left inferior
phrenic drains into IVC and
___

Answer 20

IVC; suprarenal vein

Question 21

In cross-section, the thoracic cavity
is ___-shaped from thoracic
vertebral column on posterior side

Answer 21

kidney

Question 22

Thoracic Cavity is divided into 3 cavities:

Answer 22

Right, left pulmonary cavities, and central mediastinum

Question 23

–
bilateral compartments containing
the lungs and pleurae (lining
membranes) and occupy a majority of
the thoracic cavity

Answer 23

Right and left pulmonary cavities

Question 24

___________ – compartment
intervening between and completely
separating the two pulmonary
cavities, which contains essentially all
other thoracic structures (heart, great
vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus,
lymph nodes)

Answer 24

Central mediastinum

Question 25

Each lung is invested by and enclosed in a serous pleural sac that consists of two continuous membranes – the ____

Answer 25

pleurae

Question 26

The _____ pleura covers the lungs and is adherent to all its surfaces (creates shiny outer surface); it cannot be dissected from the lungs. Is continuous with parietal pleura at root of lung

Answer 26

visceral pleura (pulmonary pleura)

Question 27

The _____ pleura lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm

Answer 27

parietal

Question 28

______ = potential space between layers of pleura

Answer 28

Pleural cavity

Question 29

(Pleural cavity) Contains a small amount of ______, which lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows layers to slide smoothly over each other during respiration

Answer 29

serous pleural fluid

Question 30

Contains a small amount of serous pleural fluid, which lubricates the pleural surfaces and allows layers to slide smoothly over each other during respiration

Answer 30

Pleural cavity

Question 31

T/F: Parietal pleura is thinner than visceral pleura

Answer 31

False: thicker

Question 32

T/F: During surgery and dissection, the parietal pleura can be removed

Answer 32

True (Visceral/Pulmonary pleura CANNOT be removed)

Question 33

lines along which the parietal pleura changes direction as it passes (reflects) from one wall of the pleural cavity to another

Answer 33

Lines of pleural reflection

Question 34

Pleura extends down further than lowest point of lungs during ____

Answer 34

expiration

Question 35

3 examples of lines of pleural reflection

Answer 35

sternal, costal, vertebral

Question 36

T/F: The lungs usually completely fill the pleural cavity

Answer 36

False: The lungs do not usually completely fill the pleural cavity

Question 37

The peripheral diaphragmatic pleura is in contact with the lowermost parts of the ____

Answer 37

costal pleura

Question 38

These potential spaces are called the ________, pleura-lined “gutters”, which surround the upward convexity of the diaphragm inside the thoracic wall

Answer 38

diaphragmatic recesses

Question 39

A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural cavity to remove fluid

Answer 39

Thoracentesis

Question 40

Thoracentesis: This excess fluid is known as a ______ --removal of this fluid helps you breath easier

Answer 40

pleural effusion

Question 41

____ = hemothorax

Answer 41

Blood

Question 42

___ = empyema

Answer 42

Pus

Question 43

Thoracentesis: Where is the needle inserted?

Answer 43

Inferior portion of the intercostal space (bc fluids Will collect in the costodiaphragmatic recess)

Question 44

(Thoracentesis) Pleural effusion will collect in the ______

Answer 44

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 45

Pneumothorax = ___in the pleural cavity

Answer 45

air

Question 46

Can be caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury, certain medical procedures, or damaged from underlying lung disease

Answer 46

Pneumothorax

Question 47

Closed pneumothorax is commonly from a pleural laceration caused by a ______ (thoracic wall not affected)

Answer 47

fractured rib

Question 48

Open pneumothorax is often from ___

Answer 48

gunshot wound

Question 49

_____ typically has tissue flap in chest wall that prevents air from exiting during expiration

Answer 49

Tension pneumothorax

Question 50

T/F pneumothorax will cause lung to collapse

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Symptoms of _____ usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath

Answer 51

pneumothorax

Question 52

pneumothorax: Excess air can be removed by inserting a small flexible tube or needle ____ to remove the excess air

Answer 52

between ribs

Question 53

______: autonomic pulmonary plexus

Answer 53

Visceral pleura

Question 54

The pulmonary plexuses contain parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral ____ fibers

Answer 54

afferent

Question 55

___pleura: supplied by nerves which supply the structures they cover

Answer 55

Parietal

Question 56

Innervation--Cervical pleura:

Answer 56

intercostal nerves

Question 57

Innervation--Costal pleura:

Answer 57

intercostal nerves

Question 58

Innervation-- Diaphragmatic pleura: _____ (at periphery) and _____ (central tendon)

Answer 58

intercostal nerves (at periphery) and phrenic nerves (central tendon)

Question 59

Innervation--Mediastinal pleura: ____ nerves

Answer 59

phrenic

Question 60

4 parts of parietal pleura:

Answer 60

Mediastinal pleura, cervical pleura, costal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura

Question 61

Parts of Costodiaphragmatic Recesses:

Answer 61

Diaphragmatic part, costal part