Lungs

Question 1

Main functions of lungs

Answer 1

oxygenate the blood
by bringing inspired air into close
relation with venous blood in the
pulmonary capillaries

Question 2

Healthy lungs are normally light, soft,
and spongy and fully occupy the
____

Answer 2

pulmonary cavities

Question 3

Lungs are elastic (due to fibers in
alveoli) and they recoil to about one-
third their uninflated size when the
thoracic cavity is ____

Answer 3

opened

Question 4

T/F: Each lung is contained within same pleural sac

Answer 4

False: Each lung is contained with separate
pleural sacs

Question 5

Lungs are separated by

Answer 5

mediastinum

Question 6

Each lung is surrounded by a pleural
cavity/sac, which is formed by the
_____

Answer 6

visceral and parietal pleura

Question 7

Lungs are elastic due to fibers in
_____

Answer 7

alveoli

Question 8

The lungs are suspended from the
mediastinum by the ____

Answer 8

lung root

Question 9

a
collection of structures entering and
leaving the lungs

Answer 9

lung root

Question 10

T/F: The mediastinal
surfaces of both lungs lie in close
proximity to several mediastinal
structures.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Characteristics of Right Lung:

Answer 11

Apex, base, 3 lobes, 2 fissures, 3 grooves

Question 12

2 fissures of right lung:

Answer 12

–Horizontal fissure (between
superior and middle)
–Oblique fissure (between
middle and inferior)

Question 13

3 grooves in right lung:

Answer 13

Groove for brachiocephalic vein
* Groove for superior vena cava
* Groove for azygos vein

Question 14

Overall, a larger, heavier lung

Answer 14

right lung

Question 15

Cardiac notch and impression are present in

Answer 15

Left lung

Question 16

How many fissures in left lung?

Answer 16

Oblique fissure (between
superior and inferior)

Question 17

Grooves in left lung:

Answer 17

Groove for subclavian
artery
* Groove for arch of aorta
* Groove for descending
aorta

Question 18

Surfaces of lungs: concave and related to
_____.
Includes the hilum, which
receives root of lung

Answer 18

Mediastinal surface (related to middle mediastinum)

Question 19

Surfaces of lungs: –
concave and forms base
of lung

Answer 19

Diaphragmatic surface (base
of lung rests on
dome of diaphragm)

Question 20

Surfaces of lungs: – large,
smooth, and convex.
Related to costal pleura

Answer 20

Costal surface

Question 21

____ refers to the structures
contained in the pulmonary sleeve and
entering the hilum of the lung.

Answer 21

Root of the lung

Question 22

Hilum/Root of Lung Contents:

Answer 22

Bronchi (with bronchial vessels),
pulmonary arteries and veins, pulmonary plexus
of nerves, lymphatic vessels

Question 23

area outside of the pleural
sac (as area of continuity between the visceral
and parietal layers of pleura)

Answer 23

Pulmonary Sleeve

Question 24

____of the lung refers to the area where
the structures forming the root of the lung
actually touch lung tissue.

Answer 24

Hilum

Question 25

– where visceral pleura and mediastinal (parietal) pleura meet

Answer 25

Pulmonary ligament

Question 26

The walls of the airway in the trachea consists of ____-shaped rings

Answer 26

C-shaped rings

Question 27

The _____ airway constitutes the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 27

sublaryngeal airway

Question 28

Aspirated foreign objects lodge in ____ bronchus

Answer 28

right (more often than left)

Question 29

narrower, more horizontal. Passes inferior to arch of aorta and anterior to esophagus and thoracic aorta to reach hilum

Answer 29

left main bronchus

Question 30

Left lung has how many lobes?

Answer 30

2--superior and inferior

Question 31

How many fissures in left lung?

Answer 31

1--oblique fissure (between sup and inf)

Question 32

Thin, tongue-like process extending down from superior notch (left lung)

Answer 32

lingula

Question 33

3 surfaces of lungs:

Answer 33

costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic

Question 34

Trachea bifuracates at level of what?

Answer 34

Sternal angle/Transverse Thoracic Plane

Question 35

Tracheobronchial Tree: Beyond the tertiary segmental bronchi--> 20-25 generations of conducting bronchioles --> terminal bronchioles --> ____ bronchioles-->alveolar ducts -->alveolar sacs

Answer 35

respiratory bronchioles

Question 36

Trachea splits into main __

Answer 36

bronchi

Question 37

Primary bronchi split into

Answer 37

Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)

Question 38

Lobar bronchi branch into

Answer 38

segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi)

Question 39

the anatomical, functional, and surgical unit (subdivision) of the lungs

Answer 39

A bronchopulmonary segment

Question 40

T/F: A bronchopulmonary segment Can be resected without seriously disrupting the surrounding lung tissue

Answer 40

True

Question 41

A bronchopulmonary segment consists of a segmental bronchus, a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and a segment of _____

Answer 41

lung tissue surrounded by a thin septum

Question 42

____Can limit spread of infection

Answer 42

A bronchopulmonary segment

Question 43

A bronchopulmonary segment Drained by ___

Answer 43

intersegmental pulmonary veins (in the CT between adjacent segments)

Question 44

primary site of gas exchange IN LUNG

Answer 44

alveoli

Question 45

____ diffuses across the alveolar wall and enters the bloodstream, while ____ diffuses from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli

Answer 45

Oxygen. carbon dioxide.

Question 46

Each lung has one pulmonary ____ supplying blood to it and two pulmonary ___ draining blood from it

Answer 46

artery. vein.

Question 47

Right and left pulmonary arteries arise from pulmonary trunk at level of ____

Answer 47

sternal angle

Question 48

Arteries and bronchi are paired in the lung, branching simultaneously and running ___ in course

Answer 48

parallel

Question 49

T/F: Pulmonary veins run independent courses from arteries and bronchi

Answer 49

True

Question 50

______ supply blood for nutrition of structures making up the root of the lungs, supporting tissues of the lungs, and visceral pleura

Answer 50

Bronchial arteries

Question 51

Two left bronchial arteries arise directly from the ____

Answer 51

thoracic aorta

Question 52

One right bronchial artery may arise either from a posterior intercostal a., a left bronchial a., or ___

Answer 52

directly from aorta

Question 53

Bronchial arteries anastomose with ____ in the walls of the bronchioles

Answer 53

pulmonary arteries

Question 54

Bronchial veins drain some of the blood supplies by bronchial arteries and some drained by ___

Answer 54

pulmonary vein

Question 55

Right bronchial vein drains into the ___ vein and the left drains into the ____ vein

Answer 55

azygos. accessory hemiazygos.

Question 56

Generally, ___ travels from the pulmonary lymph nodes --> the bronchopulmonary (hilar) nodes --> S/I tracheobronchial nodes --> L/R bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunks

Answer 56

lymph

Question 57

Nerves of the lungs and visceral pleura are derived from the _____, which are anterior and posterior to the roots of the lungs

Answer 57

pulmonary plexuses

Question 58

Pulmonary plexuses: This nerve network contains ____, ____ and ____ afferent fibers

Answer 58

parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral afferent nerves

Question 59

Parasympathetic fibers are presynaptic fibers from ____

Answer 59

vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 60

(Lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of action to smooth m. of bronchial tree

Answer 60

(Lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: Motor to smooth m. of bronchial tree (what kind of action?)--bronchoconstrictor

Question 61

(lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of actions on the pulmonary vessels?

Answer 61

Inhibitory to the pulmonary vessels (vasodilator)

Question 62

(lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of action to the glands of bronchial tree

Answer 62

Secretory to the glands of bronchial tree (secretomotor)

Question 63

Sympathetic fibers are postsynaptic fibers from ____

Answer 63

sympathetic trunks

Question 64

Sympathetic fibers are ___ fibers from sympathetic trunks

Answer 64

postsynaptic

Question 65

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: have what actions on bronchial smooth muscle?

Answer 65

Inhibitory to bronchial smooth m. (bronchodilator)

Question 66

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: what affect on pulmonary vessels?

Answer 66

Motor to the pulmonary vessels (vasoconstrictor)

Question 67

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: affect on alveolar glands????

Answer 67

Inhibitory to alveolar glands of bronchial tree (secreto- inhibitory)

Question 68

(lungs) Visceral afferent/sensory: either conducting ____ or _____

Answer 68

reflexive or nociceptive

Question 69

subconscious sensations associated with reflexes that control function

Answer 69

reflexive

Question 70

pain impulses generated in responses to chemical irritants, ischemia, or excessive stress

Answer 70

nociceptive

Question 71

Reflexive visceral afferent fibers accompany ____

Answer 71

parasympathetic fibers

Question 72

nociceptive afferent fibers that accompany the visceral pleura and bronchi accompany the ___

Answer 72

sympathetic fibers

Question 73

--Infection of alveoli --Can be caused by virus, bacteria, or fungus --Leads to swelling of alveolar walls and fluid or pus in the alveolar spaces

Answer 73

pneumonia

Question 74

--Reduces capacity for gas exchange and makes breathing difficult and painful --May involve a lung segment, lobe, or entire lung

Answer 74

pneumonia