Vascular Pathways

Question 1

Common _____ disorders include arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries),
atherosclerosis (fatty deposits and occlusion), hypertension, and aneurysms
(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)

Answer 1

arterial

Question 2

(hardening of the arteries)

Answer 2

arteriosclerosis

Question 3

(fatty deposits and occlusion)

Answer 3

atherosclerosis

Question 4

(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)

Answer 4

aneurysms

Question 5

Cardiac infarct and cerebral infarct resulting from _______ of arteries are major causes of morbidity

Answer 5

occlusion of the lumen

(cardiac infarct–heart attack
cerebral infarct–ishemic stroke)

Question 6

____ is associated with the build up of fat (mainly cholesterol) beneath the
endothelium of artery walls

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Atherosclerosis:
–Leads to the thickening of arterial walls and damage to WHAT layer of the vessel?
–Eventually causes the artery to narrow and restricts blood flow

Answer 7

Tunica Intima

Question 8

Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis:

Answer 8

Risk factors: obesity, high cholesterol, advanced age, genetics, smoking, hypertension,
sex (male)

Question 9

Describe the anatomy of a vessel with atherosclerosis

Answer 9

–Thickened tunica adventitia and media
–Accumulating plaque
–damaged* and thickened tunica intima

Question 10

Consequences of ____ can include:
* Ischemia (reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)
* Infarction (local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)

Answer 10

atherosclerosis

Question 11

(reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)

Answer 11

Ischemia

Question 12

(local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)

Answer 12

Infarction

Question 13

Treatments for atherosclerosis and its consequences (ischemia and infarction)

Answer 13

Treatments: angioplasty, surgery

Question 14

When endothelial linings of vessels become damaged due to disease processes or trauma, _____ can occur

Answer 14

vascular lesions

Question 15

the formation of an intravascular clot

Answer 15

thrombosis (clot: thombus)

Question 16

Thrombi can become dislodged and travel as ____ to other vessels and causes blockage of normal blood flow

Answer 16

an emboli (singular, embolus)

Question 17

How do thrombi affect blood flow?

Answer 17

cause blockage of normal blood flow

Question 18

Stroke in the brain, myocardial infarction in heart, pulmonary embolism in pulmonary artery, etc. are examples of __

Answer 18

results of thrombosis

Question 19

the presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood

Answer 19

Bacteremia

Question 20

What are ways in which bacteria can enter the body?

Answer 20

Bacteria can enter through wounds in skin, dental treatments, surgical procedures, or infections in the body

Question 21

T/F: In people with weak immune systems, bacteremia can be a serious condition

Answer 21

True! (ex: older person, chemo patient, etc)

Question 22

Without treatment, bacteremia can progress to ____

Answer 22

sepsis (which can cause organ failure and death)

Question 23

What can sepsis lead to?

Answer 23

can cause organ failure and death

Question 24

a collection of blood that pools outside of a blood vessel, usually caused by an injury or surgery

Answer 24

Hematoma

Question 25

____ to the blood vessels cause the blood to permeate the surrounding tissues (bruise) and beings to clot

Answer 25

Localized trauma

Question 26

What does localized trauma cause the blood to do?

Answer 26

permeate surrounding tissues (bruise) and clot

Question 27

A _____ is considered ongoing bleeding

Answer 27

hemorrhage

Question 28

a hematoma is ____ that has usually clotted

Answer 28

localized bleeding

Question 29

Hematoma: what can the escaped blood cause?

Answer 29

swelling, tenderness, discoloration

Question 30

Hematoma: How long will the swelling, tenderness, discoloration last?

Answer 30

will last until the inflammatory response subsides and the blood is broken down and absorbed back into the body

Question 31

The ____ of the heart pumps out blood to the body through the systemic circulatory pathways

Answer 31

left ventricle

Question 32

The left ventricle of the heart pumps out blood to the body through the ____

Answer 32

systemic circulatory pathways

Question 33

T/F: The arteries are under pressure and pulsate with heartbeat

Answer 33

true

Question 34

On what type of blood vessel can a pulse be felt?

Answer 34

major arteries

Question 35

Name the 9 human pulse point

Answer 35

carotid, apical, radial, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, femoral, brachial, temporal (all arteries)

Question 36

All systemic arteries originate from ___

Answer 36

a major branch of the aorta

Question 37

--Heart --Head and neck --shoulder and upper limb are supplied by

Answer 37

Aortic Arch

Question 38

What supplies: -thoracic organs -thoracic body wall

Answer 38

Thoracic Aorta

Question 39

What supplies: --Abdominal wall --Lower back region --Abdominal organs --Pelvic organs --Lower limb

Answer 39

Abdominal Aorta

Question 40

starts as the aorta leave the left ventricle and transitions into aortic arch as it begins to curve

Answer 40

Ascending aorta:

Question 41

Branches of the Ascending aorta:

Answer 41

left and right coronary arteries

Question 42

Supplies the heart tissue

Answer 42

left and right coronary arteries

Question 43

between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta in the thorax

Answer 43

aortic arch

Question 44

right brachiocephalic a., left common carotid a., left subclavian a. are branches of:

Answer 44

the aortic arch

Question 45

The branches of the aortic branch supply:

Answer 45

the entire head, neck, and upper limbs

Question 46

begins at the aortic arch and runs through the thorax and abdomen (then bifurcates)

Answer 46

Descending Aorta

Question 47

2 sections of the descending aorta:

Answer 47

Thoracic and abdominal aorta

Question 48

begins at the aortic arch and ends as the aorta passes through the diaphragm

Answer 48

Thoracic region of descending aorta (thoracic aorta)

Question 49

3rd to 11th posterior intercostal, subcostal, esophageal, bronchial, superior phrenic, mediastinal, and pericardial aa (are branches to WHAT?)

Answer 49

Thoracic Aorta

Question 50

begins at the diaphragm and ends as the aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries (at L4 vertebral body)

Answer 50

Abdominal region of descending aorta (abdominal aorta)

Question 51

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into:

Answer 51

the common iliac arteries

Question 52

At what location does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries

Answer 52

L4 vertebral body

Question 53

3 branch directions

Answer 53

Anterior Midline, Lateral, Posterolateral

Question 54

Aorta Branch directions: unpaired visceral branches to digestive tract

Answer 54

anterior midline

Question 55

Aorta Branch directions: paired visceral branches to urogenital and endocrine organs

Answer 55

Lateral

Question 56

Aorta Branch directions: paired parietal (segmental) branches to diaphragm and body wall

Answer 56

Posterolateral

Question 57

All systemic veins will drain to the ___ or ____

Answer 57

superior or inferior vena cava

Question 58

The hepatic portal system drains the ________ and is separate from the caval system

Answer 58

abdominal organs

Question 59

The _____ drains the abdominal organs

Answer 59

hepatic portal system

Question 60

Drains: --Heart itself --Thoracic organs --Thoracic body wall --Head and neck --Upper limb and shoulder

Answer 60

Superior Vena Cava

Question 61

Drains: --Abdominal body wall --Lower back --Liver --Kidneys and gonads --Pelvic organs --Lower limbs

Answer 61

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 62

Both the superior and inferior vena cava drain into ___

Answer 62

the right atrium of the heart

Question 63

____ collects blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thoracic wall

Answer 63

Superior vena cava

Question 64

Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein merge on each side to form the ___

Answer 64

brachiocephalic veins

Question 65

____ and ____ merge on each side to form the brachiocephalic veins

Answer 65

Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

Question 66

the brachiocephalic veins converge to form the

Answer 66

superior vena cava

Question 67

Azygos veins also drain blood from the ____

Answer 67

thoracic wall

Question 68

____ is responsible for venous drainage of all structures below the diaphragm

Answer 68

Inferior vena cava

Question 69

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as ____, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the hepatic veins

Answer 69

part of hepatic portal system

Question 70

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to ____ via the hepatic veins

Answer 70

inferior vena cava

Question 71

Venous blood from GI organs brought to ____ as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the hepatic veins

Answer 71

liver

Question 72

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the ____

Answer 72

hepatic veins

Question 73

Heart: The ___ is located to the left of midline, while the ____ is located to the right of midline

Answer 73

aorta. inferior vena cava.

Question 74

T/F: both the aorta and the IVC are in the thorax and abdomen

Answer 74

True