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GI (inpt) > Diarrhea causes > Flashcards

Diarrhea causes Flashcards

1
Q

etiologies of Gastroenteritis

A

rotavirus, caliciviruses (noroviruses) astroviruses, adenoviruses, staph aure, clostridium, cholera, e choli, cryptosporidium, cyclospora,

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2
Q

Rotavirus CF

A

peaks in cooler mnths, profuse D, V, low-grade fever

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3
Q

Norovirus CF

A

similar to rotavirus, with V and watery D

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4
Q

types of bacterial gastroenteritis

A

non-typhoidal salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, E. Coli

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5
Q

Vibrio (hx)

A

developliing nations, eating undercooked shellfish

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6
Q

GE symptoms - (bacterial)

A

fever, abdominal cramping, maliase, tenesmus

(vomiting less common)

+/- blood in stool

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7
Q

what type of bacteria can present with neurological manifestations and GI ussies?

A

shigella

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8
Q

What two bacteria can cause HUS?

A

e coli and shigella

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9
Q

what is HUS?

A

hemolytic-uremic syndrome: its a triad

1) hemolytic anemia
2) acute kidney failure
3) low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

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10
Q

what can invade the blood streem and cause extraintestinal dz? (meningitis, osteomyelitis)

A

Salmonella

** big problem in kids w/ sickle cell anemia

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11
Q

Yersinia

A

can cause erythema nodosoum, w/ RUQ pain that mimics appendicitis

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12
Q

rice-water stools

A

cholera

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13
Q

what can C-diff cause?

A

ab-associated D, and psuedomembranouse colitis

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14
Q

Giardiasis

A

most common intestinal parasitic dz in US- water-related out breaks

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15
Q

“beaver fever”

A

giardia lamblia

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16
Q

how is giardiasis transmitted?

A

P2P, contaminated food/water

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17
Q

giardia CF

A

o Frequent, foul-smelling, watery stools (rarely have blood or mucus), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and flatulencex

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18
Q

how do you dx giardia?

A

giardia antigen, stool o&P

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19
Q

tx giardias

A

self-limiting 5-7 days,

tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole

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20
Q

tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole ADR

A

serious: sz, periperhal neruopathy, thrombocytopenia, angioedema, SJS, erythma multiform, bronchospasm
common: metallic tast, GI, GU discomfort

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21
Q

giardisis pearl

A

can cause vulvovaginities in prepubescent girls

22
Q

rotavirus age of illness

A

< 5 yo

23
Q

two things that can be transfered by fomites

A

rotavirus, norovirus

24
Q

sx of rotavirus

A

explosive, watery D for 5-10 days, V, Fever,

25
Q

how long does rotavirus last?

A

2-8 dyas

26
Q

how to dx rotavirus

A

stool EIA

27
Q

norovirus

A

affects all ages

28
Q

norovirus cf

A

water d, V, fever not as common

29
Q

norovirus duration

A

1-5 d

30
Q

norovirus dx

A

clinical

31
Q

astrovirus

A

less thatn 2 yo, watery d,
1-5 days

clinical dx

32
Q

adenovirus

A

less than 2, watery D, 3-10 days

dx w/ Stool EIA

33
Q

when to treat gastroenteritis

A

shigell and ecoli infx in childerne < 3mo

bactrim or erythromycin

34
Q

childern w. campylobacter infxn?

A

most recover w/ out tx, but abx hasten recover and reduce lenght of carrier status (erythromycine or azithromycin

35
Q

C. diff or giardiasis

A

tx w/ metronidazole

36
Q

what infecions cause purulent D?

A

salmonella, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, shigella, campylobacter

37
Q

salmonella cf and tx

A

N, some V, fever, (septicemia common)

tx w/ hydration

38
Q

Enterohemorrhage ecoli

A

undercooked ground beef, purulent, bloody, crampy D,

39
Q

shigella

A

tx: fecal-oral

no V, purulent bloody D, fever

40
Q

campylobacter

A

undercooked poultry, some N/V, purulent, bloddy, crampy D, fever

41
Q

metronidazole ARD

A

GI, metallic tast, dark, red-brown urin, candidiasis

42
Q

Diarrhea causes

A

infections, toxic (s. aureus, C. perfringes), dietary, GI dz

43
Q

secretory D

A

large volume w/o infammation- may indicated pancreatic insufficiency, ingestio of performed bacterial toxins, or laxative use

44
Q

inflammatory D

A

bloddy D w. fever infection or IBD

45
Q

what can cause psuedomembranous colitis

A

c diff

46
Q

when to evaluate someone w/ constipation

A

pts older than 50 w/ new onset consipation- look for colon cancer

47
Q

what can causes of diarrhea can be treated with medis?

A

enterotoxic E. coli; giardia lamblia; cyclospora;

48
Q

how is E. coli tx?

A

hydrations, bismuth, loperamide

49
Q

how is giardia lamblia tx?

A

metronidazole

50
Q

how is cylospora tx

A

bactrim

51
Q

what does secretory d (large volume wi/o inflammation) indicate?

A

pancreatic insufficiency, ingestion of preforemd bacterial toxins, or laxative use

52
Q

what infections can cause bloody D?

A

entehemorrhagic E. Coli; shigella, compylobacter

GI (inpt) (16 decks)

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