Diarrhea causes

Question 1

etiologies of Gastroenteritis

Answer 1

rotavirus, caliciviruses (noroviruses) astroviruses, adenoviruses, staph aure, clostridium, cholera, e choli, cryptosporidium, cyclospora,

Question 2

Rotavirus CF

Answer 2

peaks in cooler mnths, profuse D, V, low-grade fever

Question 3

Norovirus CF

Answer 3

similar to rotavirus, with V and watery D

Question 4

types of bacterial gastroenteritis

Answer 4

non-typhoidal salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, E. Coli

Question 5

Vibrio (hx)

Answer 5

developliing nations, eating undercooked shellfish

Question 6

GE symptoms - (bacterial)

Answer 6

fever, abdominal cramping, maliase, tenesmus

(vomiting less common)

+/- blood in stool

Question 7

what type of bacteria can present with neurological manifestations and GI ussies?

Answer 7

shigella

Question 8

What two bacteria can cause HUS?

Answer 8

e coli and shigella

Question 9

what is HUS?

Answer 9

hemolytic-uremic syndrome: its a triad

1) hemolytic anemia
2) acute kidney failure
3) low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)

Question 10

what can invade the blood streem and cause extraintestinal dz? (meningitis, osteomyelitis)

Answer 10

Salmonella

** big problem in kids w/ sickle cell anemia

Question 11

Yersinia

Answer 11

can cause erythema nodosoum, w/ RUQ pain that mimics appendicitis

Question 12

rice-water stools

Answer 12

cholera

Question 13

what can C-diff cause?

Answer 13

ab-associated D, and psuedomembranouse colitis

Question 14

Giardiasis

Answer 14

most common intestinal parasitic dz in US- water-related out breaks

Question 15

“beaver fever”

Answer 15

giardia lamblia

Question 16

how is giardiasis transmitted?

Answer 16

P2P, contaminated food/water

Question 17

giardia CF

Answer 17

o Frequent, foul-smelling, watery stools (rarely have blood or mucus), abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and flatulencex

Question 18

how do you dx giardia?

Answer 18

giardia antigen, stool o&P

Question 19

tx giardias

Answer 19

self-limiting 5-7 days,

tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole

Question 20

tinidazole, nitazoxanide, metronidazole ADR

Answer 20

serious: sz, periperhal neruopathy, thrombocytopenia, angioedema, SJS, erythma multiform, bronchospasm
common: metallic tast, GI, GU discomfort

Question 21

giardisis pearl

Answer 21

can cause vulvovaginities in prepubescent girls

Question 22

rotavirus age of illness

Answer 22

< 5 yo

Question 23

two things that can be transfered by fomites

Answer 23

rotavirus, norovirus

Question 24

sx of rotavirus

Answer 24

explosive, watery D for 5-10 days, V, Fever,

Question 25

how long does rotavirus last?

Answer 25

2-8 dyas

Question 26

how to dx rotavirus

Answer 26

stool EIA

Question 27

norovirus

Answer 27

affects all ages

Question 28

norovirus cf

Answer 28

water d, V, fever not as common

Question 29

norovirus duration

Answer 29

1-5 d

Question 30

norovirus dx

Answer 30

clinical

Question 31

astrovirus

Answer 31

less thatn 2 yo, watery d, 1-5 days clinical dx

Question 32

adenovirus

Answer 32

less than 2, watery D, 3-10 days dx w/ Stool EIA

Question 33

when to treat gastroenteritis

Answer 33

shigell and ecoli infx in childerne < 3mo bactrim or erythromycin

Question 34

childern w. campylobacter infxn?

Answer 34

most recover w/ out tx, but abx hasten recover and reduce lenght of carrier status (erythromycine or azithromycin

Question 35

C. diff or giardiasis

Answer 35

tx w/ metronidazole

Question 36

what infecions cause purulent D?

Answer 36

salmonella, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, shigella, campylobacter

Question 37

salmonella cf and tx

Answer 37

N, some V, fever, (septicemia common) tx w/ hydration

Question 38

Enterohemorrhage ecoli

Answer 38

undercooked ground beef, purulent, bloody, crampy D,

Question 39

shigella

Answer 39

tx: fecal-oral | no V, purulent bloody D, fever

Question 40

campylobacter

Answer 40

undercooked poultry, some N/V, purulent, bloddy, crampy D, fever

Question 41

metronidazole ARD

Answer 41

GI, metallic tast, dark, red-brown urin, candidiasis

Question 42

Diarrhea causes

Answer 42

infections, toxic (s. aureus, C. perfringes), dietary, GI dz

Question 43

secretory D

Answer 43

large volume w/o infammation- may indicated pancreatic insufficiency, ingestio of performed bacterial toxins, or laxative use

Question 44

inflammatory D

Answer 44

bloddy D w. fever infection or IBD

Question 45

what can cause psuedomembranous colitis

Answer 45

c diff

Question 46

when to evaluate someone w/ constipation

Answer 46

pts older than 50 w/ new onset consipation- look for colon cancer

Question 47

what can causes of diarrhea can be treated with medis?

Answer 47

enterotoxic E. coli; giardia lamblia; cyclospora;

Question 48

how is E. coli tx?

Answer 48

hydrations, bismuth, loperamide

Question 49

how is giardia lamblia tx?

Answer 49

metronidazole

Question 50

how is cylospora tx

Answer 50

bactrim

Question 51

what does secretory d (large volume wi/o inflammation) indicate?

Answer 51

pancreatic insufficiency, ingestion of preforemd bacterial toxins, or laxative use

Question 52

what infections can cause bloody D?

Answer 52

entehemorrhagic E. Coli; shigella, compylobacter