Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

To bring essential nutrients into the internal environment so that they are available to each cell of the body

A

Primary function of the Digestive System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(2) Mechanisms used to accomplish the primary function of the Digestive System

A

Ingestion

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Occurs when food is taken in

A

Ingestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The breakdown of complex nutrients into simple nutrients

A

Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Required to physically break down large chunks of food material & move food along the digestive tract

A

Motility of the Gastrointestinal (GI) Wall

Mechanism of Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Facilitates chemical digestion

A

Secretion

Mechanism of Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal environment

A

Absorption

Mechanism of Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Excretion of material that is not absorbed

A

Elimination

Mechanism of Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coordination of the various functions of the Digestive System

A

Regulation

Mechanism of Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Begins in the mouth; Changes ingested food from large particles into minute particles, facilitating chemical digestion
  • Churns contents of the GI lumen to mix with digestive juices & ensure contact with the surface of the intestinal mucosa, facilitating absorption
  • Propels food along the alimentary tract, eliminating digestive waste from the body
A

Mechanical Digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mouth to Oropharynx

Voluntarily controlled

A

Oral Stage

Deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oropharynx to Esophagus
Involuntary movement
Combination of contractions & gravity moves bolus into Esophagus

A

Pharyngeal Stage

Deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Esophagus to Stomach

Involuntary movement

A

Esophageal Stage

Deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In an alternating fashion ____ and ____ can occur together.

A

Peristalsis

Segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mixing movement

Digestive reflexes cause a forward & backward movement with a single segment of the GI tract

A

Segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • Food in the stomach is churned & mixed with gastric juices to form chyme
  • Chyme is ejected about every 20 seconds into the duodenum
  • Emptying the stomach takes 2 to 6 hours
A

Gastric Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Controlled by hormonal & nervous mechanisms

A

Gastric emptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Mixes chyme with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, & intestinal mucosa
  • Peristalsis rate picks up as chyme approaches the end of the jejunum, moving it through the small intestine into the large intestine
  • After chyme leaves the stomach, it passes through the small intestine & takes approximately 5 hours
A

Intestinal Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chemical changes result from

A

Hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Operate in lumen of digestive tract, outside of any body cells
  • Specific in their action
  • Function optimally at a specific pH
A

Digestive enzymes : Extracellular organic (protein) catalysts
(Chemical Digestion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Enzymes are continually being destroyed or eliminated from the body & must continually be synthesized

A

Properties of Digestive Enzymes

23
Q

Most digestive enzymes are synthesized as

A

Inactive Proenzymes

24
Q

We eat 6 main types of chemical substances :
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Mineral Salts & Water
ONLY THE 1ST 3 MUST BE CHEMICALLY DIGESTED TO BE ABSORBED

A

Properties of Digestive Enzymes

25
Secreted by salivary glands
Saliva | Secretion
26
Lubricates food with water & facilitates mixing
Mucus | Secretion
27
An enzyme that begins digestion of starches
Amylase | Secretion
28
Secreted by gastric glands
Gastric Juice
29
A protease that begins the digestion of proteins
Pepsin
30
- Secreted by parietal cells | - Decreases the pH of chyme for activation & optimum function of pepsin
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
31
- Secreted by parietal cells | - Protects vitamin B12 & later facilitates its absorption
Intrinsic Factor
32
Protect & facilitate mixing of chyme
Mucus & Water
33
Secreted by acinar & duct cells of the pancreas
Pancreatic Juice
34
Such as Trypsin & Chymotrypsin | Enzymes that digest proteins & polypeptides
Proteases
35
Enzymes that digest emulsified fats
Lipases
36
Enzymes that digest nucleic acids such as DNA & RNA
Nucleases
37
An enzyme that digests starches
Amylase
38
- Only reflux mechanisms control the secretion of saliva - Chemical & mechanical stimuli come from the presence of food in the mouth - Olfactory & visual stimuli come from the smell & sight of food
Salivary Secretion
39
- Cephalic Phase - Gastric Phase - Intestinal Phase
Control of Gastric Secretion
40
Stimulated by several hormones released by intestinal mucosa
Pancreatic Secretion
41
- Causes increased exocrine secretion from the pancreas - Opposes gastrin, thus inhibiting gastric HCl secretion - Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder so that bile is ejected into the duodenum
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
42
Bile is secreted continually by the
Liver
43
Little is known about how it is regulated
Intestinal secretion
44
Most absorption occurs in the
Small intestine
45
Passage of substances through the intestinal mucosa into the blood or lymph
Process
46
Some substances, such as water, absorption occurs by simple diffusion or
Osmosis
47
How sodium is transported
Secondary active transport
48
How glucose is transported
Sodium cotransport (Coupled transport)
49
Moves nutrient particles through cells
Transcellular Absorption
50
Moves particles between cells
Paracellular Absorption
51
Nutrients that are absorbed into the blood (such as monosaccharides & amino acids) first travel to the liver via
The Portal System
52
Expulsion of feces from the digestive tract
Defecation
53
Contents of the lower part of the colon & rectum move at a slower than normal rate
Constipation
54
Result of increased motility of the small intestine, which causes decreased absorption of water & electrolytes & a watery stool
Diarrhea

A&P (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions