Digestive

Question 1

the chemical/mechanical breakdown of food, which is then absorbed by cells

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

process that helps in growth, maintenance, and energy production

Answer 2

nutrition

Question 3

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Answer 3

macronutrients

Question 4

vitamins and minerals

Answer 4

micronutrients

Question 5

how has nutrition evolved?

Answer 5

heterotrophs lost biosynthetic abilities after depending on diet and food gatehring

Question 6

feed on plants/producers, composed of grazers frugivores and pollinators

Answer 6

herbivores

Question 7

feed on other animals, composed of predators piscivores and insectivores

Answer 7

carnivores

Question 8

feed on both plants and animals

Answer 8

omnivores

Question 9

gather/take in food

Answer 9

procurement of food

Question 10

chewing

Answer 10

mastication

Question 11

swallowing

Answer 11

ingestion

Question 12

chemical breakdown of food into simple molecules in the stomach

Answer 12

digestion

Question 13

transfer of nutrients to blood vessels

Answer 13

absorption

Question 14

nutrients go from blood vessels to body cells

Answer 14

circulation

Question 15

cells uptake and integrate nutrients

Answer 15

assimilation

Question 16

cells use nutrients for growth, maintenance, and energy production

Answer 16

utilization

Question 17

eliminate undigested food as waste through the anus

Answer 17

defecation

Question 18

remain in one place and strain food from water

Answer 18

continuous feeders

Question 19

what animals continuously feed?

Answer 19

barnacles, sponges

Question 20

mobile and active, have large meals when desired

Answer 20

discontinuous feeders

Question 21

discontinuous feeders that have infrequent meals to limit continuous pursuit of prey

Answer 21

carnivores

Question 22

discontinuous feeders that gradually digest to limit grazing time

Answer 22

herbivores

Question 23

sift food from water that enters body

Answer 23

suspension feeders

Question 24

what animals suspension feed?

Answer 24

sponges, bivalves, baleen whales, primitive chordates

Question 25

live on food source and eat soft sediment

Answer 25

deposit feeders

Question 26

what animals deposit feed?

Answer 26

larvae, earthworms, sea cucumbers

Question 27

have no mouths, external body directly absorb nutrients

Answer 27

surface nutrient aborbers

Question 28

what animals surface nutrient absorb?

Answer 28

tapeworms, pogonophoran worms

Question 29

suck nutrient-rich fluid from host

Answer 29

fluid-feeders

Question 30

what animals fluid-feed?

Answer 30

leeches, insect ectoparasites, nectarivores

Question 31

rasp with chitinous teeth, used by molluses

Answer 31

radula

Question 32

polychaete mouth with chitinous teeth

Answer 32

proboscis

Question 33

used by insects and crustaceans to bite plants

Answer 33

mandible

Question 34

actively pursue prey

Answer 34

motile stalkers

Question 35

what animals motile stalk?

Answer 35

octopuses, crabs, polychaete worms

Question 36

wait and ambush prey

Answer 36

lurking predators

Question 37

what predators lurk?

Answer 37

praying mantis, shrimp, crab, spider

Question 38

capture prey upon contact

Answer 38

sessile opportunists

Question 39

what animals are sessile opportunists?

Answer 39

barnacles, cnidarians

Question 40

pick small organisms from substrate

Answer 40

grazing carnivores

Question 41

mouth & anus have same opening, occur in gastrovascular cavity

Answer 41

incomplete digestion

Question 42

separate openings for ingestion and excretion, use digestive organs and occur in alimentary canal

Answer 42

complete digestion

Question 43

another word for teeth

Answer 43

dentition

Question 44

pointed incisors and canines

Answer 44

carnivores

Question 45

broad teeth with ridged surfaces

Answer 45

herbivores

Question 46

pointed teeth and broad molars

Answer 46

omnivores

Question 47

which one has shorter & simpler digestive tract?

Answer 47

carnivores

Question 48

what molecule do herbivores use to break down plant cell wall?

Answer 48

cellulase

Question 49

the 4 special fermentation chambers

Answer 49

rumen reticulum omasum abomasum

Question 50

ingest food, contain teeth and tongue

Answer 50

mouth

Question 51

mechanically and chemically digested food

Answer 51

bolus

Question 52

where bolus is voluntarily swallowed

Answer 52

pharynx

Question 53

use involuntary peristalsis

Answer 53

esophagus

Question 54

digest bolus into chyme with gastric juice

Answer 54

stomach

Question 55

accessory digestive organs

Answer 55

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 56

final digestion and absorption

Answer 56

small and large intestine

Question 57

expel waste

Answer 57

anus

Question 58

"failure to relax", esophageal aperistalsis and decreased lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (food cannot reach stomach)

Answer 58

achalasia