Patterns of Inheritance Flashcards
(22 cards)
study of traits/genes
genetics
how many chromosomes do haploids and diploids have?
haploid: 23 chromosomes (one set)
diploid: 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
same genes, different alleles
homologous
TRUE or FALSE: diploid cells have an allele in each gene
FALSE: 2 alleles each gene (ex: AA, bb, Cc)
gene location on chromosome
locus (plural loci)
used pea plants to study heredity, established basic laws of inheritance
gregor mendel
offspring is identical to parent
true breeding, purebreed
gene exerts effect when present
dominant
effect masked if dominant allele is present
recessive
alleles for one gene
genotype
observable characteristic
phenotype
use genotype to reveal inherited offspring and relative proportion of offspring genotype/phenotype
punnett square
punnett squares that use one gene
monohybrid cross
differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous
homo: identical alleles (AA, BB)
hetero: different alleles (Cc)
gametes combine randomly, equal probability for each genotype in punnett
mendel’s law of segregation
segregation of alleles in one gene does not influence other genes
mendel’s law of independent assortment
intermediate phenotype for heterozygote genes
incomplete dominance
both traits are expressed
codominance
one gene influences multiple traits
pleiotropy
TRUE of FALSE: in sex-linked genes, x-linked recessive disorders affect more males since they only need on copy of the gene
TRUE
traits that require more than one gene (ex: skin color)
polygenic trait
a holoprosencephaly characterized by ocular fusion into a single orbit
cyclopia
