DIGESTIVE

Question 1

• Chew
• Tear
• Grind
• Mash
• Mix

Answer 1

MECHANICAL DIGESTION

Question 2

• Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
  – Carbohydrates
  – Proteins
  – Lipids

Answer 2

CHEMICAL DIGESTION

Question 3

the INTRINSIC nervous system of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Answer 3

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 4

It contains complete reflex circuits that detect the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract, integrate information about the state of the gastrointestinal tract, and provide outputs to control gut movement, fluid exchange between the gut and its lumen, and local blood flow.

Answer 4

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 5

motility, rhythm and FORCE OF THE CONTRACTIONS of the muscularis

Answer 5

MYENTERIC PLEXUS (plexus of Auerbach)

Question 6

REGULATION of digestive secretion and reacting to the presence of food

Answer 6

SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS (plexus of Meissner)

Question 7

(plexus of Meissner)

Answer 7

SUBMUCOSAL PLEXUS

Question 8

(plexus of Auerbach)

Answer 8

MYENTERIC PLEXUS

Question 9

Lipids are absorbed via _______, tiny structures of the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

Answer 9

LACTEALS

Question 10

The blood vessels’ second function is to supply the organs of the __________ with the nutrients and oxygen needed to drive their cellular processes.

Answer 10

ALIMENTARY CANAL

Question 11

anterior parts of the alimentary canal

Answer 11

AORTIC ARCH & THORACIC AORTA

Question 12

liver, stomach, duodenum

Answer 12

CELIAC TRUNK

Question 13

small and large intestine

Answer 13

SUPERIOR & INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES

Question 14

membrane, a sheet of smooth tissue that LINES YOUR ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY and surrounds your abdominal organs. It PADS and INSULATES your organs, helps hold them in place and secretes a lubricating fluid to reduce friction when they rub against each other

Answer 14

PERITONEUM

Question 15

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 15

PERITONITIS

Question 16

a site of FAT DEPOSITION in people who are overweight

Answer 16

GREATER OMENTUM

Question 17

ANCHORS THE LIVER to the anterior abdominal wall and inferior border of the diaphragm

Answer 17

FALCIFORM LIGAMENT

Question 18

– suspends the stomach from the inferior border of the liver
– provides a pathway for structures connecting to the liver

Answer 18

LESSER OMENTUM

Question 19

ANCHORING all of the SMALL INTESTINE except the initial portion (the duodenum)

Answer 19

MESENTERY

Question 20

attaches TWO PORTIONS OF LARGE INTESTINE (the transverse and sigmoid colon) to the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 20

MESOCOLON

Question 21

• tube within a tube
• direct LINK/PATH between organs

Answer 21

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Question 22

Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch).

Answer 22

MOUTH

Question 23

a FLAP-LIKE structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx.

Answer 23

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 24

EPIGLOTTIS is located in the

Answer 24

PHARYNX

Question 25

ESOPHAGUS is approx. how long

Answer 25

20cm

Question 26

1. Secrete mucus 2. Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis

Answer 26

ESOPHAGUS

Question 27

If acid from the stomach gets in here that’s

Answer 27

HEARTBURN

Question 28

J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.

Answer 28

STOMACH

Question 29

the STOMACH Mixes food with DIGESTIVE JUICES that contain enzymes to break down ___________

Answer 29

PROTEINS & LIPIDS

Question 30

Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills

Answer 30

BACTERIA

Question 31

Food found in the stomach is called

Answer 31

CHYME

Question 32

SMALL INTESTINES are how long

Answer 32

7 meters

Question 33

lining of intestine walls has FINGER-LIKE projections called ____ to increase surface area

Answer 33

VILLI

Question 34

the villi are covered in ______ which further increases surface area for ABSORPTION

Answer 34

MICROVILLI

Question 35

Nutrients from the food pass into the ________ through the small intestine walls.

Answer 35

BLOODSTREAM

Question 36

* Absorbs: – 80% ingested water – Vitamins – Minerals – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Lipids * Secretes digestive enzymes

Answer 36

SMALL INTESTINE

Question 37

made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down COMPLEX CARBOHYDRATES

Answer 37

AMYLASE

Question 38

made in the pancreas; breaks down FATS

Answer 38

LIPASE

Question 39

made in the pancreas; breaks down PROTEINS

Answer 39

PROTEASE

Question 40

breaks down LACTOSE

Answer 40

LACTASE

Question 41

breaks down SUCROSE

Answer 41

SUCRASE

Question 42

how lang is the large intestine

Answer 42

1.5 meters

Question 43

Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb

Answer 43

LARGE INTESTINE

Question 44

beginning of the large intestine

Answer 44

CECUM

Question 45

REMAINING water and electrolytes are absorbed

Answer 45

ASCENDING & TRANSVERSE COLON

Question 46

SHORT TERM STORAGE which HOLDS FECES before it is expelled

Answer 46

RECTUM

Question 47

closed on each side by a MUSCLE SPHINCTER

Answer 47

ANUS

Question 48

– Bacterial digestion * Ferment carbohydrates – Absorbs more water – Concentrate wastes

Answer 48

LARGE INTESTINE

Question 49

* Not part of the path of food, but play a critical role. * Include: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

Answer 49

GLANDS

Question 50

* Directly affects digestion by producing BILE * filters out TOXINS and WASTE including drugs and alcohol and poisons.

Answer 50

LIVER

Question 51

helps digest fat

Answer 51

BILE

Question 52

* STORES BILE from the liver, releases it into the small intestine.

Answer 52

GALL BLADDER

Question 53

Fatty diets can cause

Answer 53

GALLSTONES

Question 54

* Produces digestive enzymes to digest FATS, CARBOHYDRATES and PROTEINS * Regulates blood sugar by producing INSULIN

Answer 54

PANCREAS