Digestive - Diagnostics & Procedures

Question 1

What does an increased measurement of alanine transaminase (ALT) usually indicate?

Answer 1

Cirrhosis or pancreatitis

ALT was formerly referred to as SGPT (serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase)

Question 2

What can a decreased measurement of albumin indicate?

Answer 2

Liver disease

Question 3

What does an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) suggest?

Answer 3

Liver or gallbladder disease

A decrease may indicate malnutrition

Question 4

What does an increased measurement of aspartate transaminase (AST) indicate?

Answer 4

Liver disease or pancreatitis

AST was formerly referred to as SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase)

Question 5

What is the purpose of the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT)?

Answer 5

To examine feces for hidden blood

Question 6

What does gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test for?

Answer 6

Increased enzymes indicating cirrhosis, hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, or nephrosis

Question 7

What is gastric analysis used to determine?

Answer 7

The amount of blood, bile, bacteria, and hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 8

What does the hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) blood test detect?

Answer 8

The hepatitis B virus

Question 9

What are liver function tests (LFTs) used to determine?

Answer 9

The health of the liver

Includes albumin, total bilirubin, prothrombin time, ALP, ALT, and GGT

Question 10

What does prothrombin time (PT) measure?

Answer 10

The time it takes blood to clot

Question 11

What is the rapid urease test used to detect?

Answer 11

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

Question 12

What does a stool culture test for?

Answer 12

Microorganisms in the feces, such as worms, amoebae, bacteria, and protozoa

Question 13

What is the purpose of a stool guaiac test?

Answer 13

To detect hidden blood in fecal specimens

Question 14

What does a total bilirubin blood test indicate?

Answer 14

Possible jaundice, cirrhosis, or hepatitis

Question 15

What is a barium swallow (BS)?

Answer 15

Radiographic imaging done after oral ingestion of barium sulfate suspension

Question 16

What is esophagoesophagostomy?

Answer 16

Rejoining two ends of a cut esophagus

Question 17

What does esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) view?

Answer 17

The esophagus, stomach, and first part of the duodenum

Question 18

What is the purpose of frenotomy?

Answer 18

To cut a frenulum of the tongue to treat ankyloglossia

Question 19

What is fundoplication?

Answer 19

Folding the fundus of the stomach around the distal end of the esophagus

Question 20

What is gastroduodenostomy?

Answer 20

A new opening between the stomach and the duodenum

Question 21

What is the purpose of gastroplasty?

Answer 21

Surgically forming the stomach for repair or reshaping

Question 22

What does a gastrostomy involve?

Answer 22

Creating a new opening in the stomach for enteral feeding

Question 23

What does gingivectomy involve?

Answer 23

Cutting out part or all of the gums

Question 24

What is the purpose of glossorrhaphy?

Answer 24

Suturing the tongue to repair a lesion or wound

Question 25

What is hyperalimentation?

Answer 25

The therapeutic use of nutritional supplements exceeding daily requirements

Question 26

What does esophageal manometry measure?

Answer 26

The motor function (muscle pressure) of the esophagus

Question 27

What is odontectomy?

Answer 27

Extraction of a tooth

Question 28

What is palatoplasty used for?

Answer 28

Surgical correction of the roof of the mouth

Question 29

What is pyloromyotomy?

Answer 29

An incision of the pyloric sphincter to correct an obstruction

Question 30

What does sialoadenectomy involve?

Answer 30

Removal of a salivary gland

Question 31

What is sialodochoplasty?

Answer 31

Surgical correction of a salivary duct

Question 32

What is stomatoplasty?

Answer 32

Surgical reconstruction of the mouth

Question 33

What does uvulectomy involve?

Answer 33

Removal of part or all of the uvula

Question 34

What is appendectomy?

Answer 34

Cutting out the vermiform appendix

Question 35

What is a barium enema used for?

Answer 35

Imaging of the lower digestive tract

Question 36

What is cecopexy?

Answer 36

Fixation of the cecum

Question 37

What is colonoscopy used for?

Answer 37

Viewing the lining of the large intestine

Question 38

What does colostomy involve?

Answer 38

Surgical redirection of the bowel to a stoma

Question 39

What does diverticulectomy involve?

Answer 39

Cutting out a diverticulum

Question 40

What is enteral nutrition?

Answer 40

Nutrition introduced through a digestive structure

Question 41

What is herniorrhaphy?

Answer 41

Suturing a hernia

Question 42

What is ileoureterostomy?

Answer 42

New opening between the ileum and the ureters

Question 43

What does jejunostomy involve?

Answer 43

New opening of the jejunum to the surface of the abdomen

Question 44

What does omentectomy involve?

Answer 44

Cutting out part or all of the omentum

Question 45

What is peritoneocentesis?

Answer 45

Surgical puncture of the peritoneum to remove fluid

Question 46

What does polypectomy involve?

Answer 46

Cutting out polyps

Question 47

What is proctoclysis?

Answer 47

Cleansing the rectum and anus

Question 48

What is proctoscopy used for?

Answer 48

Viewing the rectum and anus

Question 49

What does total parenteral nutrition (TPN) involve?

Answer 49

Nutrition introduced through a structure outside of the alimentary canal

Question 50

What does cholangiography involve?

Answer 50

Recording the bile vessels

Question 51

What is cholecystectomy?

Answer 51

Cutting out the gallbladder

Question 52

What does choledochectomy involve?

Answer 52

Cutting out part or all of the common bile duct

Question 53

What is choledocholithotomy?

Answer 53

Cutting out a stone from the common bile duct

Question 54

What is the purpose of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)?

Answer 54

Recording the bile vessels and pancreas

Question 55

What does hepatectomy involve?

Answer 55

Cutting out part or all of the liver

Question 56

What are anorexiants used for?

Answer 56

Suppress appetite to aid in weight management

Question 57

What is the function of antacids?

Answer 57

Buffer hydrochloric acid and relieve GERD symptoms

Question 58

What do antidiarrheals do?

Answer 58

Provide relief from diarrhea by reducing intestinal motility and inflammation

Question 59

What is the purpose of antiemetics?

Answer 59

Prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting

Question 60

What do gastrointestinal stimulants promote?

Answer 60

Motility of smooth muscle in the GI tract

Question 61

What do Histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) do?

Answer 61

Reduce hydrochloric acid production in the stomach

Question 62

What do laxatives promote?

Answer 62

Evacuation of bowels by increasing fecal bulk and softening stool

Question 63

What are proton pump inhibitors used for?

Answer 63

Reduce production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach