Digestive Glands 2

Question 1

what is the parenchymal cell of liver?

Answer 1

hepatocyte - liver is the second largest organ in the body!

Question 2

what is Glisson’s capsule?

Answer 2

the capsule of the liver that subdivides the liver into lobes and lobules

Question 3

what is special about the portal v. contents?

Answer 3

nutrient laden (heavy) blood from the alimentary tract and spleen

Question 4

what is porta hepatis aka portal triad?

Answer 4

region where the hepatic a. and portal v. ENTER

hepatic ducts LEAVE

Question 5

what do the sublobular veins collect blood from?

Answer 5

the central v. of each classical liver lobule

Question 6

what is the hepatic v. made up of?

Answer 6

union of many sublobular veins

Question 7

what are the three types of liver lobules

Answer 7

classical = hexagonal
portal = triangular
liver acinus of Rappenport = diamond

Question 8

what does the portal area (triad) contain?

Answer 8

branches of the portal v.
hepatic a.
bile duct
lymph vessel

Question 9

what composes the bulk of the lobule?

Answer 9

plates of hepatocytes

Question 10

where are bile canaliculi? what do they do?

Answer 10

between neighboring heptaocytes

convey bile to canals of Herring

Question 11

what do the canals of Herring do?

Answer 11

deliver bile ducts in portal areas at the periphery of the classical lobule

Question 12

what re sinusoids? waht do they do?

Answer 12

endothelial-lined spaced between neighboring plates of hepatocytes
they recieve blood from the vessels in teh portal areas and dliver it to the central vein

Question 13

what is interesting about the endothelial cells that line the sinusoids?

Answer 13

large fenestrations - discontinuous

Question 14

what are Kupffer Cells? what do they do?

Answer 14

present within endothelial lining

phagocytic cells that are derived from moncytes

Question 15

what is the space of Disse? function?

Answer 15

subendothelial space between liver cells and the lining cells of the sinusoids

exchange material betwen blood stream and hepatocytes
no basal lamina!

Question 16

what does the space of Disse contain?

Answer 16

stellate - shaped fat storing cells - store vit. A
reticular fibers - maintain arch. of sinusoids
non myelinated nerve fibers
short, blunt Mv of hepatocytes

Question 17

what is the portal lobules?

Answer 17

triangle - 3 apices are neighboring central v.

portal area in center of triangle

Question 18

what is the liver acinus of Rappenport?

Answer 18

wtf?

Question 19

what do hepatocytes have?

Answer 19

rER and sER
mitochondria
golgi regions
lysosomes and peroxisomes - repped
lipid droplets 
glycogen

Question 20

Proteins produced by hepatocytes are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER),

Answer 20

explains why hepatocyte lesions or starvation lead to a decrease in the amounts of albumin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin in a patient’s blood.

Question 21

what makes up intrahepatic bile duct?

Answer 21

bile canaliculi
cholangioles
canals of herring- liine by low cuboidal cells
bile ducts - lined by single cuboidal cells

Question 22

what are hepatic bile ducts?

Answer 22

recieve bile from the main ducts of the liver

major ducts are right andleft

Question 23

what is teh exocrine function of the liver?

Answer 23

prduction of bile

Question 24

what is bile made of?

Answer 24

bilirubin, bile acids, cholsterol, phospholipids, ions and water

Question 25

what is the endocrine secretions of the liver?

Answer 25

glucose | plasma proteins - prothrombin, fibrinogen, albumin, factor 3, LDL

Question 26

what does the liver do in detoxification?

Answer 26

liver ditoxifies various drugs and toxins

Question 27

where does IgA uptake in teh liver occur?

Answer 27

from blood steam occurs at space of Disse

Question 28

what type of cells are in the mucosa of gallbladder?

Answer 28

simple columnar epitheliam and rich vascular LP

Question 29

what is teh sinuses of Rokitansky-Ashoff

Answer 29

deep invaginations of epithelium that may extend into the perimuscular CT

Question 30

what are the ducts of Luschka

Answer 30

non functional, blind ending ducts in the vacinity of the neck of gall bladder

Question 31

what direction does the flow of blood go?

Answer 31

from periphery to central vein

Question 32

what direciton does the flow of bile flow?

Answer 32

from hepatocytes to bile canalicui to bile duct in periphery

Question 33

where do you find mV?

Answer 33

bile canaliculi and space of Disse

Question 34

what does the classical lobule show?

Answer 34

flow of blood

Question 35

what does the portal lobule show?

Answer 35

flow of bile

Question 36

what does the rappenport show?

Answer 36

flow of blood - connects 2 classical lobules = 2 central v. + 2 portal areas

Question 37

what goes on in zone 1

Answer 37

gets the most blood and toxins

Question 38

what goes on in zone 3

Answer 38

gest the least blood, less toxin

Question 39

how many nuclei do hepatocytes have?

Answer 39

usually 2 - liver can regenerate!

Question 40

what uses sER in hepatocytes?

Answer 40

glycogen - syntehsis and degradation

Question 41

what uses rER in hepatocytes?

Answer 41

amino acids -- protein synthesis -- albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, lipoprotein