Digestive system

Question 1

the alimentary canal or digestive tube consists of

Answer 1

the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 2

the accessory organs fo digestion include:

Answer 2

the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Question 3

how is food broken down in the mouth?

Answer 3

it is mechanically broken down by the teeth and tongue in the process of mastication (chewing)

Question 4

saliva, produced by the three pairs of salivary glands ________ and _______ the chewed food

Answer 4

lubricates and dilutes

Question 5

saliva contains an enzyme called ______ that starts digestion of complex carbohydrates

Answer 5

amylase

Question 6

a ball of food called a _____ is formed

Answer 6

bolus

Question 7

constrictive muscles of the pharynx …..

Answer 7

force the food into the upper portion of the esophagus and the food is swallowed

Question 8

the esophagus is a narrow tube leading from the _______ to the _______

Answer 8

pharynx; stomach

Question 9

the digestive tract has 4 main layers, from the innermost to outermost:

Answer 9

the mucous membrane, the submucous layer, the muscular layer, and the serous layer

Question 10

food enters the stomach where gastric glands secrete

Answer 10

hydrochloric acid that breaks down foods

Question 11

the stomach muscle churns and mixes the bolus of food turning the mass into

Answer 11

a soupy substance called chyme

Question 12

the stomach also stores food and

Answer 12

regulates the movement of food into the small intestine

Question 13

digestion and absorption of food occur in the

Answer 13

small intestine

Question 14

food is acted on by various enzymes from the

Answer 14

small intestine and pancreas and by bile from the liver

Question 15

the pancreas also contributes water to

Answer 15

dilute chyme and bicarbonate ions to neutralize the acid from the stomach

Question 16

the small intestine consists of 3 major regions:

Answer 16

the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum

Question 17

nutrients are absorbed through the

Answer 17

walls of the small intestine

Question 18

the amino acids and simple sugars derived from proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed directly into the

Answer 18

blood

Question 19

most of the fats are absorbed into the

Answer 19

lymph by lacteals which eventually are added to the bloodstream

Question 20

all nutrients then enter the hepatic portal vein to be routed to the

Answer 20

liver for decontamination

Question 21

small fingerlike projections called ______ greatly increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

Answer 21

villi

Question 22

the large intestine reabsorbed _______ and stores and eliminates _______

Answer 22

water; undigested food

Question 23

which bacteria is found in the large intestine?

Answer 23

intestinal flora

Question 24

the large intestine is arranged into 5 portions:

Answer 24

the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and the rectum

Question 25

the opening for defecation (expelling of stool) is the

Answer 25

anus

Question 26

during mastication, the teeth reduce ingested food material to smaller particles to

Answer 26

increase surface area for chemical digestion