Endocrine system

Question 1

the endocrine system assists what system in homeostasis and what important roles does it play?

Answer 1

the nervous system; growth and sexual maturation

Question 2

what are other roles of the endocrine system and nervous system as they assist each other?

Answer 2

coordinate and control the body, but the endocrine system has more long-lasting and widespread effects

Question 3

where do the endocrine system and nervous system meet?

Answer 3

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 4

the hypothalamus governs:

Answer 4

the pituitary and is in turn controlled by the feedback of hormones in the blood

Question 5

hormones are:

Answer 5

chemical messengers

Question 6

what are some functions of hormones?

Answer 6

they control growth, differentiation and metabolism of specific target cells

Question 7

what are the 2 major groups of hormones?

Answer 7

steroid and nonsteroid

Question 8

what hormones enter the target cells and have a direct effect on the DNA of the nucleus?

Answer 8

steroid

Question 9

some nonsteroid hormones are ______ hormones

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

many protein hormones remain at the cell surface and act through a second messenger, usually a substance called:

Answer 10

adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

Question 11

most hormones affect cell activity by:

Answer 11

altering the rate of protein synthesis

Question 12

the endocrine glands are grouped together as a system because

Answer 12

the main function of each gland is the production of hormones

Question 13

what other organs produce hormones as well?

Answer 13

stomach, small intestine, and kidneys

Question 14

what gland is nicknamed the master gland?

Answer 14

pituitary gland

Question 15

what is the pituitary gland attached to?

Answer 15

the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum

Question 16

the pituitary gland has 2 major portions:

Answer 16

the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

Question 17

hormones of the adenohypophysis are called:

Answer 17

tropic hormones because they act mainly on other endocrine glands

Question 18

what are the tropic hormones?

Answer 18

• somatotropin hormone (STH) or growth hormone (GH)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 19

hormones released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary include:

Answer 19

oxytocin (the labor hormone) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 20

other important endocrine glands include:

Answer 20

thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, and gonads (ovaries and testes)

Question 21

the cortisol released from the adrenal cortex….

Answer 21

reduce inflammation, raises the blood sugar level and inhibits the release of histamine