Digestive System Flashcards
(30 cards)
Digestion
breaking down of food and release of nutrients
Absorption
nutrients are taken into cells that line GI tract
Transport
nutrients are then circulated through the body
Cell metabolism
nutrients used to carry out bodily functions
Types of Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Mechanical Digestion
movement of food through the GI tract
2 ways to move food with muscles
-muscle tone
-peristalsis (moving food in one direction)
Peristalsis
moving food in one direction
Chemical Digestion
chemicals released to break down food
Chemicals used in chemical digestion
Enzymes acids and buffer ions mucous H2O and Electrolytes Bile
Enzymes
proteins that break down food
Pepsin (protein splitting) and gastric lipase (fat splitting)
Acids and buffer ions
regulate the pH of the GI tract
Mucous
help mix food together
protects small intestine from stomach acid
H2O and electrolytes
help carry nutrients into cells
Bile
breaks down fat into smaller pieces
Mechanical
muscles mix and move food
food then poured into small intestine
time depends on density and quantity
3 main chemicals
hydrochloric acid
Enzymes (pepsin and gastric lipase)
Mucous
Digestion of small intestine
Majority of chemical digestion
mechanical - more peristalsis
Digestion of small intestine Chemical Pancreatic enzymes
pancreatic amylase (breaks down carbs) trypsin and chymotrypsin (breaks down protein) pancreatic lipase (breaks down fat)
Digestion of small intestine Chemical Intestinal enzymes
lactase-lactose
maltase - maltose
aminopeptidase - amino acids
Other chemicals in digestion in the small intestine
mucous
bile
hormones (control all enzyme reactions)
Products of digestion. What is absorbed?
Carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Protein (amino acids)
Fat (glycerides, fatty acids)
Vitamins and minerals are released from food
Absorption Processes
diffusion
active transport
pinocytosis
diffusion
process of H2O and nutrients moving across cell membrane
active transport
particles are moved into cell with help of outside source