Digestive System Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Digestion

A

breaking down of food and release of nutrients

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2
Q

Absorption

A

nutrients are taken into cells that line GI tract

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3
Q

Transport

A

nutrients are then circulated through the body

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4
Q

Cell metabolism

A

nutrients used to carry out bodily functions

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5
Q

Types of Digestion

A

Mechanical Digestion

Chemical Digestion

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6
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

movement of food through the GI tract
2 ways to move food with muscles
-muscle tone
-peristalsis (moving food in one direction)

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

moving food in one direction

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8
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

chemicals released to break down food

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9
Q

Chemicals used in chemical digestion

A
Enzymes 
acids and buffer ions
mucous
H2O and Electrolytes
Bile
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10
Q

Enzymes

A

proteins that break down food

Pepsin (protein splitting) and gastric lipase (fat splitting)

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11
Q

Acids and buffer ions

A

regulate the pH of the GI tract

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12
Q

Mucous

A

help mix food together

protects small intestine from stomach acid

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13
Q

H2O and electrolytes

A

help carry nutrients into cells

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14
Q

Bile

A

breaks down fat into smaller pieces

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15
Q

Mechanical

A

muscles mix and move food
food then poured into small intestine
time depends on density and quantity

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16
Q

3 main chemicals

A

hydrochloric acid
Enzymes (pepsin and gastric lipase)
Mucous

17
Q

Digestion of small intestine

A

Majority of chemical digestion

mechanical - more peristalsis

18
Q

Digestion of small intestine Chemical Pancreatic enzymes

A
pancreatic amylase (breaks down carbs)
trypsin and chymotrypsin (breaks down protein)
pancreatic lipase (breaks down fat)
19
Q

Digestion of small intestine Chemical Intestinal enzymes

A

lactase-lactose
maltase - maltose
aminopeptidase - amino acids

20
Q

Other chemicals in digestion in the small intestine

A

mucous
bile
hormones (control all enzyme reactions)

21
Q

Products of digestion. What is absorbed?

A

Carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, galactose)
Protein (amino acids)
Fat (glycerides, fatty acids)

Vitamins and minerals are released from food

22
Q

Absorption Processes

A

diffusion
active transport
pinocytosis

23
Q

diffusion

A

process of H2O and nutrients moving across cell membrane

24
Q

active transport

A

particles are moved into cell with help of outside source

25
pinocytosis
cell drinking
26
3 absorbing structures
muscosal folds villi microvilli
27
Only thing left for large intestine to do is absorb
water and excrete solid waste
28
Transport
Vascular system | Lymphatic system
29
Vascular System
arteries and veins arteries carry nutrients to cell veins carry waste away from cell
30
Lymphatic System
Lymph nodes and vessels transport antibodies and white blood cells solid fat and non water soluble materials