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Test 3A Tues/Thurs > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System

A

system of glands that secrete hormones that control bodily function

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2
Q

Endocrine System hormones effects what four things?

A

control mood
growth and development
tissue function
metabolism

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3
Q

The endocrine system consists of what 3 things?

A

host organs
chemical messengers
target cells

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4
Q

Target cells bind specifically to

A

hormones

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5
Q

Hormones secreted will cause what 4 things?

A

muscle contraction
protein and fat synthesis
activation of enzymes
bodily reaction to stress

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6
Q

Primary glands of the endocrine system include what 4 things?

A

Pituitary
hypothalamus
thyroid gland
adrenal gland

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7
Q

Pituitary

A

“master” gland with anterior, posterior, and intermediate globes

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8
Q

Every nucleus has a _ and every hormone is a _

A

“lock”

“key”

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9
Q

The reaction between lock and key will alter specific codes in the cell to cause what two things?

A

protein synthesis

carb metabolism

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10
Q

How hormones “change” DNA ?

A

Down regulation
-receptors become unresponsive
-the “locks” change
Example-when cells in muscle grow to genetic capacity

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11
Q

What 2 things control blood glucose?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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12
Q

Insulin

A
  • regulates glucose metabolism
  • “shuttles” glucose into the cell for use in exercise
  • or into the liver for storage later
  • decreases blood sugar levels
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13
Q

Diabetes

A

high blood sugar due to decreased insulin

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14
Q

Glucagon

A
  • regulates glucose metabolism

- raises blood sugar levels when needed

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15
Q

When does glucagon need to raise blood sugar levels? (3)

A

during sleep
during exercise
after prolonged low blood glucose levels (haven’t eaten in a while)

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16
Q

Exercise and Activity cause uptake of glucose

A

by the cells

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17
Q

The effects of exercise the blood glucose then

A

decreases (insulin shifts glucose from blood to cells)

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18
Q

Glucagon responds to maintain a certain level of

A

blood glucose (signals liver to release stored glucose)

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19
Q

List 3 things about testosterone

A
  • Secreted by the testes, ovaries and adrenal gland
  • men have 10x more than women
  • primary hormone for muscle growth
20
Q

Testosterone’s effect on muscle growth

A

Direct
-synthesize protein for muscle hypertrophy
Indirect
-increases secretion of GH
-enhances nervous system function
-increases force production (by increasing neurotransmitter activation)

21
Q

List 6 things to increase secretion of testosterone.

A

-large muscle group exercises (deadlift, power exercises, squats)
-mulit-joint exercises
-85-95% intensity
3-6 sets of 8-15 reps
-30-60 seconds rest
-2 or more years of consistent resistance training

22
Q

List 4 things about estrogen

A
  • also secreted by the testes, ovaries, and adrenal gland
  • women have 10x more than men
  • primary hormone for reproduction
  • primary influence on fat deposition on hips, buttocks and thighs (necessary for pregnancy)
23
Q

Growth Hormone is secreted by

A

pituitary gland

24
Q

Growth hormone is _ growth

A

overall growth (not just muscle tissue)

25
Q

Growth Hormone maintains

A

blood glucose levels

26
Q

Growth hormone stimulates the release of

A

fatty acids

27
Q

Growth hormone enhances

A

amino acid absorption

28
Q

Growth hormone is most important to childhood development (3)

A

metabolism
organ function
growth of bone and muscle

29
Q

To increase GH levels increase

A

lactic acid build up (GH helps to clear out lactic acid)

30
Q

To increase GH levels raise

A

testosterone levels (various exercises and intensities)

31
Q

To increase GH levels get deep

A

sleep (allows body to produce more)

32
Q

To increase GH levels _ exercise

A

vigorous exercise (triggers secretion for recovery)

33
Q

Cortisol is secreted by _ _

A

adrenal gland

34
Q

Cortisol is primarily responsible for

A
  • carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism

- helps with repair and remodeling process

35
Q

3 negative effects of cortisol

A
  • converts amino acids in glucose (very high intensity exercise, starvation or malnourishment, no or low carb diet)
  • Secretion is increased by low glycogen stores
  • effects Type II fibers more than Type I fibers
36
Q

Increasing cortisol to optimize the cortisol response

A
  • Variation in training
  • Active Recovery (lower intensity days)
  • Complete Recovery (proper nutrition, adequate sleep, decrease stress)
37
Q

Catecholamines

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

38
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Help prepare the body for activity (increase heart rate and stroke volume, raise blood sugar, increases circulation, increases ventilation)

Help relax the body after activity (decrease heart rate and stroke volume, decrease blood sugar, decrease circulation, decrease ventilation, relax muscles)

39
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

responsible for all of human metabolism

  • Energy metabolism for movement
  • BMR
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Heart Rate
  • Body temperature
40
Q

Exercise increases

A

Testosterone (growth)
Growth Hormone (growth and Metabolism)
Cortisol (Metabolism, may hinder performance if overtraining or without proper nutrition)

41
Q

Hormonal Response for muscle remodeling

A
  • damage of muscle fibers
  • inflammatory response
  • synthesis of new proteins
  • hypertrophy (may add new muscle cells, increase actin and myosin in the cell)
42
Q

Hormonal Response, muscle remodeling for resistance training

A

increase protein synthesis

develop Type II fibers

43
Q

Hormonal Response, muscle remodeling for aerobic training/endurance

A

decreasing protein metabolism (active recovery)

develop Type I fibers

44
Q

Overall Hypertrophic Response depends on

A
  • amount of tissue stimulated (only fibers that are stimulated will adapt, UB or LB workouts vs full body)
  • amount of tissue remodeling that is needed (make sure you actually have enough)
  • amount of tissue repair actually achieved (make sure you actually recover completely)
  • volume of work and type of program
45
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Low thyroid function

can lead to slow metabolism, fatigue, depression, and weight gain
can be increased with regular exercise or possibly drug therapy

Test 3A Tues/Thurs (6 decks)

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