Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

system of glands that secrete hormones that control bodily function

Question 2

Endocrine System hormones effects what four things?

Answer 2

control mood
growth and development
tissue function
metabolism

Question 3

The endocrine system consists of what 3 things?

Answer 3

host organs
chemical messengers
target cells

Question 4

Target cells bind specifically to

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

Hormones secreted will cause what 4 things?

Answer 5

muscle contraction
protein and fat synthesis
activation of enzymes
bodily reaction to stress

Question 6

Primary glands of the endocrine system include what 4 things?

Answer 6

Pituitary
hypothalamus
thyroid gland
adrenal gland

Question 7

Pituitary

Answer 7

“master” gland with anterior, posterior, and intermediate globes

Question 8

Every nucleus has a _ and every hormone is a _

Answer 8

“lock”

“key”

Question 9

The reaction between lock and key will alter specific codes in the cell to cause what two things?

Answer 9

protein synthesis

carb metabolism

Question 10

How hormones “change” DNA ?

Answer 10

Down regulation
-receptors become unresponsive
-the “locks” change
Example-when cells in muscle grow to genetic capacity

Question 11

What 2 things control blood glucose?

Answer 11

Insulin

Glucagon

Question 12

Insulin

Answer 12

• regulates glucose metabolism
• “shuttles” glucose into the cell for use in exercise
• or into the liver for storage later
• decreases blood sugar levels

Question 13

Diabetes

Answer 13

high blood sugar due to decreased insulin

Question 14

Glucagon

Answer 14

• regulates glucose metabolism

- raises blood sugar levels when needed

Question 15

When does glucagon need to raise blood sugar levels? (3)

Answer 15

during sleep
during exercise
after prolonged low blood glucose levels (haven’t eaten in a while)

Question 16

Exercise and Activity cause uptake of glucose

Answer 16

by the cells

Question 17

The effects of exercise the blood glucose then

Answer 17

decreases (insulin shifts glucose from blood to cells)

Question 18

Glucagon responds to maintain a certain level of

Answer 18

blood glucose (signals liver to release stored glucose)

Question 19

List 3 things about testosterone

Answer 19

• Secreted by the testes, ovaries and adrenal gland
• men have 10x more than women
• primary hormone for muscle growth

Question 20

Testosterone’s effect on muscle growth

Answer 20

Direct
-synthesize protein for muscle hypertrophy
Indirect
-increases secretion of GH
-enhances nervous system function
-increases force production (by increasing neurotransmitter activation)

Question 21

List 6 things to increase secretion of testosterone.

Answer 21

-large muscle group exercises (deadlift, power exercises, squats)
-mulit-joint exercises
-85-95% intensity
3-6 sets of 8-15 reps
-30-60 seconds rest
-2 or more years of consistent resistance training

Question 22

List 4 things about estrogen

Answer 22

• also secreted by the testes, ovaries, and adrenal gland
• women have 10x more than men
• primary hormone for reproduction
• primary influence on fat deposition on hips, buttocks and thighs (necessary for pregnancy)

Question 23

Growth Hormone is secreted by

Answer 23

pituitary gland

Question 24

Growth hormone is _ growth

Answer 24

overall growth (not just muscle tissue)

Question 25

Growth Hormone maintains

Answer 25

blood glucose levels

Question 26

Growth hormone stimulates the release of

Answer 26

fatty acids

Question 27

Growth hormone enhances

Answer 27

amino acid absorption

Question 28

Growth hormone is most important to childhood development (3)

Answer 28

metabolism organ function growth of bone and muscle

Question 29

To increase GH levels increase

Answer 29

lactic acid build up (GH helps to clear out lactic acid)

Question 30

To increase GH levels raise

Answer 30

testosterone levels (various exercises and intensities)

Question 31

To increase GH levels get deep

Answer 31

sleep (allows body to produce more)

Question 32

To increase GH levels _ exercise

Answer 32

vigorous exercise (triggers secretion for recovery)

Question 33

Cortisol is secreted by _ _

Answer 33

adrenal gland

Question 34

Cortisol is primarily responsible for

Answer 34

- carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism | - helps with repair and remodeling process

Question 35

3 negative effects of cortisol

Answer 35

- converts amino acids in glucose (very high intensity exercise, starvation or malnourishment, no or low carb diet) - Secretion is increased by low glycogen stores - effects Type II fibers more than Type I fibers

Question 36

Increasing cortisol to optimize the cortisol response

Answer 36

- Variation in training - Active Recovery (lower intensity days) - Complete Recovery (proper nutrition, adequate sleep, decrease stress)

Question 37

Catecholamines

Answer 37

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 38

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 38

Help prepare the body for activity (increase heart rate and stroke volume, raise blood sugar, increases circulation, increases ventilation) Help relax the body after activity (decrease heart rate and stroke volume, decrease blood sugar, decrease circulation, decrease ventilation, relax muscles)

Question 39

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 39

responsible for all of human metabolism - Energy metabolism for movement - BMR - Protein Synthesis - Heart Rate - Body temperature

Question 40

Exercise increases

Answer 40

Testosterone (growth) Growth Hormone (growth and Metabolism) Cortisol (Metabolism, may hinder performance if overtraining or without proper nutrition)

Question 41

Hormonal Response for muscle remodeling

Answer 41

- damage of muscle fibers - inflammatory response - synthesis of new proteins - hypertrophy (may add new muscle cells, increase actin and myosin in the cell)

Question 42

Hormonal Response, muscle remodeling for resistance training

Answer 42

increase protein synthesis | develop Type II fibers

Question 43

Hormonal Response, muscle remodeling for aerobic training/endurance

Answer 43

decreasing protein metabolism (active recovery) | develop Type I fibers

Question 44

Overall Hypertrophic Response depends on

Answer 44

- amount of tissue stimulated (only fibers that are stimulated will adapt, UB or LB workouts vs full body) - amount of tissue remodeling that is needed (make sure you actually have enough) - amount of tissue repair actually achieved (make sure you actually recover completely) - volume of work and type of program

Question 45

Hypothyroidism

Answer 45

Low thyroid function can lead to slow metabolism, fatigue, depression, and weight gain can be increased with regular exercise or possibly drug therapy