Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
Bioenergetics
A
Use of energy in the body
2
Q
Catabolism
A
breaking down
3
Q
Anabolism
A
building up
4
Q
Metabolism
A
all chemical processes in the body
5
Q
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A
Molecule of energy
6
Q
ATP is used to power _ _
A
muscular activity
7
Q
1 ATP =
A
approx. 7.3 Kcal
8
Q
Energy systems that replenish ATP
A
ATP-PC system
Glycolysis
Oxidative system
9
Q
The ATP cycle
A
ATP (hydrolysis creates energy) ADP + P ADP + C ATP + C OR ATP + P starts over with ATP
10
Q
Phosphagen
A
any phosphate (ATP / CP)
11
Q
Major Fuels
A
ADP
CP
(Very small amount in muscle)
(readily available)
12
Q
ADP
A
Adenosine Di-phosphate
13
Q
CP
A
Creatine Phosphate
14
Q
The ATP-PC system occurs in _
A
sarcoplasm
15
Q
Making new ATP
A
ADP + CP -> ATP + C
16
Q
By products
A
creatine
17
Q
Once ATP and CP are depleted the body gets ATP from
A
the next energy system
18
Q
ATP Production/ Length of time
A
Net Production = 1 ATP
First part of every movement
any activity only lasting 10-15 seconds
19
Q
Glycolysis major fuel
A
Glucose from glycogen
- stored in liver and muscles
- small amount, but more than ATP / CP
20
Q
Glycolysis Process
A
CCCCCC
(glucose)
CCC CCC
(pyruvate #1) (pyruvate #2)
Anaerobic Aerobic
Glycolysis Glycolysis
21
Q
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis occurs in the
A
sarcoplasm
22
Q
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis happens when
A
little 02 is present
23
Q
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis. The pyruvate is converted to
A
Lactate
(this process creates ATP
24
Q
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis. By product
A
lactic acid and H2O
25
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis. High _ short _
high int%
| short duration
26
Aerobic (slow) glycolysis occurs in
mitochondria
27
Aerobic (slow) glycolysis happens when
sufficient O2 is present
28
Aerobic (slow) glycolysis process. The pyruvate is converted to
Acetyl CoA
29
Acetyl CoA is sent to the
krebs cycle
- a series of reactions that produce ATP
- Acetyl CoA goes thru 2x
30
Aerobic (slow) glycolysis/ By products
H2O and CO2
31
2 ATP per glucose in
```
fast glycolysis
(high intensity)
```
32
3 ATP per glycogen in
```
slow glycolysis
(moderate intensity)
```
33
complete metabolism of 1 whole glucose molecule
yields 35-40 ATP
34
Glycolysis whole system lasts
30-50 seconds
| majority of resistance training falls within this time frame
35
Gluconeogenesis (protein oxidation)
```
-Protein is broken down into amino acids
(Catabolism)
-Amino acids are converted into glucose
(Deamination)
-Glucose is sent thru Aerobic Glycolysis
```
36
Catabolism
Breakdown of solid muscle tissue into ints individual amino acids
37
Deamination
the nitrogen is removed and glucose is left to be used
38
Glucose is sent thru _ Glycolysis
Aerobic
39
Beta Oxidation is also known as
fat oxidation
40
Beta Oxidation occurs in
mitochondria
41
Beta Oxidation has sufficient
O2
42
In Beta Oxidation triglycerides are
broken down into fatty acids
43
Thru Beta Oxidation the fatty acids are then
converted to Acetyl CoA
44
In Beta Oxidation the Acetyl CoA goes through the
krebs cycle 2x to make ATP
45
Oxidative Systems energy capacity
1 triglyceride 400 ATP
1 glycerol 22 ATP
1 fatty acid 129 ATP
1 minute to several hours depending on training status
46
By products of all oxidative systems
H2O and CO2
| sweated and exhaled
47
By products of Beta Oxidation
NADH and FADH
48
NADH and FADH products that can be
recycled and used to make even more ATP
49
NADH and FADH only in
fit individuals
50
NADH and FADH requires energy burning for a
significant time in order to occur
51
Explain energy systems, time for each, and intensity for each
Phosphagen 10-15s Very intense
Phosphagen and Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis 30-50s intense
Anaerobic (fast) glycolysis and oxidative systems 1 -2 min Moderate
Oxidative systems >2 min light
52
ATP-PC system is during the first _-_ seconds of _ intensity exercise
5-30 seconds
| high intensity
53
ATP-PC System can be almost eliminated during
very intense exercise to exhaustion
54
Complete re-synthesis of ATP within
3-5 minutes
55
Complete re-synthesis of CP within
```
8 minutes
(adding a CP supplement will shorten repletion time)
```
56
Glycogen Depletion related to exercise intensity
above 60% intensity
| -muscle glycogen used more
57
All muscle glycogen can be _ during mod to high int% exercise
depleted
58
Glycogen repletion related to post exercise carbohydrate intake
0.7 to 3.0 g/kg
| every 2 hours following exercise
59
Rate of glycogen repletion controls rate of
total recovery
60
Fatty acid depletion/repletion
Depletion is not possible
| Repletion from diet and inactivity
61
Amino acid depletion/repletion
Depletion is not possible
| Repletion proper recovery and increased carbohydrate intake
62
The intensity and duration of exercise is inversely related and the most important factor determining
energy utilization
63
The amount of energy available from ATP -PC system is small, so exercise only lasts
seconds
64
The amount of energy from stored carbohydrate has a greater
capacity, but is still limited
65
The amount of available fuel for exercise from fats is
essentially unlimited. It takes time to burn fat.
66
Lying supine burns _ calories than standing
fewer
67
The body prefers which metabolism
oxidative
68
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption leads to
elevated oxygen consumption after strenuous exercise
69
During intermittent work _ provides energy for work and _ provides recovery.
glycolysis
| oxidative
70
The respiratory quotient (RQ) is the amount of _ _ expired divided by the amount of _ consumed, measured during rest or at a steady state of exercise using a _ _.
carbon dioxide (CO2)
oxygen (O2)
metabolic analyzer
71
An RQ of 1.0 indicates that _ is supplying 100% of the fuel.
Carbs
72
An RQ between 0.7 and 1.0 indicates
a mixture
73
Fat burning zone myth and actual research
low intensity, long duration is best for fat burning (not true)
low intensity, long duration work burns less overall calories and therefore less fat calories per minute
(true)
74
Moderate to high intensity, continuous work burns more overall calories and therefore more
fat calories per minute.
- key is to make the work as continuous as possible
- client must be in shape to be able to do this
75
An RQ of 0.7 indicates that _ is supplying 100% of the fuel.
Fats
