Digestive system

Question 1

Where does the digestive/ GI tract begin and end

Answer 1

Begins at oral cavity, continues thr pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestines and ends at rectum and anus

Question 2

What are the accessory digestive organs

Answer 2

Teeth, tongue and glands (salivary glands, liver, pancrease, gallblader)

Question 3

State the functions of digestive system

Answer 3

Ingestion, where food and drink enter the oral cavity of digestive tract

Mechanical processing: crushing and shearing to make solid food easier to propel along digestive tract

Digestion: Chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments for absorption by digestive epithelium

Secretion: Releases water, acids, enzymes and buffers by epithelium of digestive tract, glandular organs and gallbladder

Absorption: Movement of organic substrates, electrolytes, vitamins and water across digestive epithelium into interstital fluid of digestive tract

Excretion: Removal of waste products from body fluids

Question 4

What does the lining of the digestive tract protect the surrounding tissues from

Answer 4

Corrosive effects of digestive acids and enzymes, physical stress and bacteria, either swallowed with food or reside in digestive tract

Question 5

What is peristalsis

Answer 5

Waves of muscular contraction that moves a bolus along the length of the digestive tract

Circular muscle contract first behind bolus (food), then longtidunal. The wave of contration in circular muscle layer forces bolus forward

Question 6

What is segmentation

Answer 6

Churning and breaking up digestive materials, mixes contents with intestinal secretion

Question 7

What does the tongue

Answer 7

Manipulates materials inside mouth

Question 8

Fuctions of tongue

Answer 8

Mechanical processing (compression, abrasion and distortion)

manipulation (asist chewing and preapre for swallowing)

sensory analysis (touch, temperatue and taste receptors)

secretion (mucin and enzyme lingual lipase)

Question 9

What are the three salivary glands

Answer 9

Parotid salivary gland

Sublingual salivary gland

Submandibular salivary gland

Question 10

What are the three phases of swallowing/ deglutition

Answer 10

buccal phase, pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase

Question 11

What is the function of stomach

Answer 11

Storage oand mechanical breakdown of ingested food

Disrupt chemical bonds in food by acid and enzymes

Produce intrinstic factor for vitamin B12 absorption in small intestine

Question 12

What is chyme

Answer 12

Ingested substances mix with secretion of glands of stomach

Question 13

What are the three phases of gastric acitivity

Answer 13

Cephalic phase
Gastric phase
Intestinal phase

Question 14

What is the function of the small intestine

Answer 14

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 15

What are the three segments of the small intestine

Answer 15

Duodenum, jejunum, lleum

Question 16

What is the function of the duodenum

Answer 16

“mixing bowl” recieving chyme from stomach and digestive secretion from pancreas and liver

Question 17

what is the function of jejunum

Answer 17

Bulk chemical digestion and nutrition absorption

Question 18

What is the function of lleum

Answer 18

Ends at ileocecal valve, a sphincter that controls flow of material from ileum into the large intestine

Question 19

What is the plicae circulares in the small intestine

Answer 19

Transverse folds in the intestinal lining

Question 20

What are Intestinal villi

Answer 20

Fingerlike projections carpeted with microvilli that increase surface area

Question 21

State the function of the intestinal glands

Answer 21

replenish intestinal epithelium

Secrete watery intestinal juice

Produce intestinal hormones

Question 22

What is the function of the pancreas (IMPT)

Answer 22

Secretes hormones insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes, discharges secretion into duodenum

Question 23

What is the function of the liver

Answer 23

Metabolic regulation

Hematological regulation

Bile production
- contains bilirubin (pigment from haemoglobin)

Question 24

What is the function of the gallbladder

Answer 24

Stores, concentrates and modify bile prior to excretion into duodenum sphincter

Question 25

What does bile do

Answer 25

Bile emulsifies fats, breaks them down into smaller particles so taht pancreatic enzyme lipase can digest them

Question 26

What are the four parts of the large intestine

Answer 26

Cecum (stores materials and begins compaction)

Appendix (dominated by lymphoid nodules)

Colon (has four segments, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid)

Rectum (movement of fecal material into recum triggers urge to defecate)

Anus (exit of the anal canal)

Question 27

State the functions of the large intestine

Answer 27

Reabsorption of water and compaction of intestinal content into feces

Absorption of important vitamins freed by bacterial action

Storage of fecal material prior to defecation

Question 28

What enzymes disolves carbohydrates and which part of the body produces them

Answer 28

Amylase (salivary gland and pancreas)

Maltase, sucrase and lactase (small intestine)

Question 29

What enzyme dissolves proteins and which part of the body produces them

Answer 29

pepsin (stomach)

Trypsin, (pancrease) - protein to polypeptides

Peptidases (small intestine)

how to rmb: the ones that dont start with the p is from the p

Question 30

What enzyme dissolves lipase and which part of the body produces them

Answer 30

Lipase (pancrease)

Bile (liver)- helps with emulsification