Digestive System

Question 1

what is Catabolism?

Answer 1

The breakdown of larger molecules to release energy

Question 2

What is Anabolism?

Answer 2

The building of larger molocules to store energy

Question 3

What is Metebolic rate?

Answer 3

The rate at which the body converts stored energy into working energy

Question 4

what is ingestion?

Answer 4

When food enters the mouth

Question 5

What is digestion?

Answer 5

Breakdown of food into smaller molecules

Question 6

What are the two kinds of digestion?

Answer 6

Mechanical and Chemical

Question 7

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 7

The pysical breakdown of food into smaller peices (ect. mouth and stomach)

Question 8

What is chemical digestion

Answer 8

The breakdown of large molecules using water and enzymes

Question 9

what is absorption

Answer 9

Nutrients being absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 10

what is egestion?

Answer 10

The removal of waste products.

Question 11

Nutrients can be divided into two groups:

Answer 11

Organic compounds and Inorganic compounds

Question 12

Organic compounds:

Answer 12

Made of C, H, O, Needs to be broken down before absorption

Question 13

Inorganic Compounds:

Answer 13

can be absorbed directly into the blodd streem (no digestion needed)

Question 13

Proteins are made from:

Answer 13

a long chain of amino acids connected by Peptide bonds

Question 14

Proteins are responsible for:

Answer 14

Building and reparing muscle
Growing and developing
Enxymes and Hormones
Incorporated into cell membrane

Question 15

Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) are made from

Answer 15

A long chain of sugar units connected by Glycosidic bonds

Question 16

Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides) are responsible for:

Answer 16

The main source of energy

Question 17

Fats / Lipids are made from:

Answer 17

Fatty acids and glycerol connected by an ester bond

Question 18

Fats / Lipids are responsible for:

Answer 18

Cell membranes and a source of longer term energy storage

Question 19

What are Enzymes?

Answer 19

Biological catalysts (Proteins) that regulate the rate of a chemical reaction within the body (metabolism).
Proteins that regulate your rate of metabolism.

Question 20

Enzyme structure (Active site)

Answer 20

The active site is the area with a specific shape, this allows for only one specific substrate to bind with the enzyme

Question 21

How Enzymes work

Answer 21

Substrate sticks to enzyme, breaking, rearraging or rebulding the substrate, then releasing the new substrate

Question 22

what is Catalysis

Answer 22

The breaking, rearraging or rebuilding of a substrate

Question 23

The Mouth

Answer 23

Mechanical (chewing moving food) chemical (siliva, Amylase)

Question 24

what is Amylase used for

Answer 24

Alylase is found in Salivia, It breaks down **Polysaccharides** into **disaccharides**.

Question 25

Bolus

Answer 25

Moist ball of food

Question 26

The Epiglottis

Answer 26

Covers the trachea when swallowing, it prevents food from entering the lungs

Question 27

The Esophagus

Answer 27

A long muscular tube that connects the mouth to their stomach

Question 28

Esophagus (peristalsis)

Answer 28

Smooth muscle that produces a wave of contractions that push food to the stomach.

Question 29

The stomach

Answer 29

an expandable "Bag" Ph of 2, makes mucus to protect from acidity

Question 30

what is Rugae?

Answer 30

small folds in the stomach that allow for expansion.

Question 31

Sphincters

Answer 31

Are the "entrance and exit" of the stomach Esophageal; controls food entering Pyloric: Controls food leaving n

Question 32

Stomach: Chemical digestion

Answer 32

Secretes gastic juices that disolve food

Question 33

Stomach: Mechanical Digestion

Answer 33

Churning to mix food

Question 34

Pepsin

Answer 34

**pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins**, If the cells linning the stomach where to create pepsin it would break down the stomach membrane aswell.

Question 35

pepsinogen

Answer 35

an inactive form of pepsin, that mixes with HCI and converts to the active form...Pepsin.

Question 36

Small Intestine

Answer 36

Primary site of absorption and digestion 3 main sections 1. DUODENUM 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

Question 37

Small intestine: Duodenum

Answer 37

10 inches long (adults) where chemical digestion happens Has glands and microvilli

Question 38

Small intestine: Jejunum & Ileum

Answer 38

Finger like projections called microvilli (for increasing surface area = more nutrients) Main responsibility: Absorption of nutrients

Question 39

The large Intestine

Answer 39

3 sections: Ascending Transverse Descending Role: water and vitamin absorption