Digestive System Flashcards by Ralph Cinco

It provides the body with the nutrients, water and electrolytes essential for health

Digestive System

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digestive system is to what?

ingest, digest and absorb food and eliminate the undigested remains as feces

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consist of a hallow tube extending from the mouth to the anus

Digestive System

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this long tube of organs makes a pathway for food to travel through the body and its also called the digestive tract

Alimentary Canal

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Is technically outside the body because it has contact only with the cells lining thee tract

Alimentary Canal

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for ingested food to become available to the body cells, it must first be ______ into its smaller diffusible molecules

broken down physically (by chewing) and chemically (by enzymatic hydrolosis)

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for ingested food a process is called?

Digestion

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the digested end products is what process

Absorption

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can then pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to the body cells

digested end products

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can be viewed as a disassembly line

digestive tract

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what is the two major groups of the organs of the digestive system

Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the;
Accessory Digestive Organs

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is approximately 9 meters long in a cadaver but is considerably shorter in a living person due to muscle tone

Alimentary Canal

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It consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

Alimentary Canal

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include the teeth, which physically breakdown foods, the salivary glands, gall bladder, liver and pancreas, which secretes their products into the alimentary canal

Accessory Structures

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What are the four basic wall of alimentary canal tunics (layers)

Mucosa (mucous membrane)
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

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is the wet epithelial membrane surrounding the alimentary canal lumen

Muscosa (mucous membrane)

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is moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymphoid follicles and nerve fibers.

Submucosa

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is an opening in the roof of the mouth

Cleft Palate

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a congenital anomaly wherein the esophagus is closed at some point and may communicate with the trachea

Esophageal Atresia

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is a narrowing of the pyloric canal causing obstruction at the distal end of the stomach

Pyloric Stenosis

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is a rupture that causes protrusion of an organ

Hernia

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Example of Hernia

Diaphragmatic, Hiatal, Inguinal Hernia, etc

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a complete closure of the anal opening

Imperforate Anus

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is a diverticulum of the Ileum about 12 inches to three feet above the Ileo-Cecal junction

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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is the reversal of the position of the abdominal organs.

Situs Inversus / Transposition

this means that, those normally found in the (R) abdomen, may lie in the (L) abdomen

Situs Inversus / Transposition

Digestive System or also called

Alimentary Tract

areolar connective tissue

lamina propria

a scant layer of smooth muscle fibers that enable local movement of the mucosa

muscularis mucosae

The major functions of this are secretion, absorption of digested foodstuffs and protection against bacterial invasion

Mucosa

typically is a bilayer of smooth muscle, with the inner layer running circularly and the outer layer running longitudinally

Muscularis Externa

this layer moves the content of the canal along by segmentation and peristalsis

Muscularis Externa

associated with this tunics is the major regulator of GI motility

myenteric plexus

is the outermost covering of the intraperitoneal organs? and also called the?

Serosa visceral peritoneum

it consist of mesothelium associated with a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

Serosa

a layer of coarse fibrous connective tissues that binds the organ to surrounding tissues

Adventitia

in most cases, a simple columnar

Epithelium

foods enter the digestive tract

oral cavity or mouth or buccal cavity

protect the opening of the chamber anteriorly, the cheeks from its lateral walls, and the palate from its roof

Lips (labia)

the anterior portion of the palate is referred to as the

Hard Palate

the palatine process of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones underlie it

Hard Palate

is a posterior portion and is a fibromuscular structure that is unsupported by bone

Soft Palate

a finger-like projection of the soft palate extends inferiorly from its posterior margin

Uvula

rises to close off the oral cavity from the nasal ang pharyngeal passages during swallowing

Soft Palate

the floor of the oral cavity is occupied by the

muscular tongue

muscular tongue is largely supported by the ___ and attaches to the ___, ___, ___, and ___

mylohyoid muscle hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process and pharynx

secures the inferior midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Lingual Frenulum

the space between the lips and the cheeks and the teeth and gums

Oral Vestibule

the area that lies within the teeth and gums is the

Oral Cavity Proper

one of the hard calcified structures set in the alveolar process of the jaws for biting and mastication of food

Teeth

is a muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth

Tongue

it is the chief organ of taste and aid in mastication, swallowing and speech

Tongue

are three pairs of glands whose combined secretions constitute the saliva

Salivary Glands

is the largest among the salivary gland

Parotid Gland

has a duct that opens into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molar are called

Stensen's duct

is composed of a group of smaller glands

Sublingual Gland

has a duct that opens beside the orifice of the wharton's duct called the

bartholin's duct / duct of rivinus

is irregularly shaped, fairly large that extend posteriorly from point below the first molar

Submandibular / Sub-maxillary gland

the sub-maxillary gland also have duct which is called

Wharton's duct

is a long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen

Pancreas or Pancreatic Gland

is its blunt, rounded which lies in the curve of the duodenum or C-loop

Head of the Pancreas

is a long tapering part extending to the left behind the stomach tail of the pancreas is its pointed left end

Body of the Pancreas

is a hollow tube that extends from the tail, through the body ang head to join the common bile duct

Pancreatic Duct / Duct of Wirsung

is made up of many minutes glands that manufacture and secrete digestive enzyme

Pancreas

which is collected by this tiny ducts

Pancreatic fluid or Juice

are small clumps of cells scattered throughout the pancreas

Islets of Langerhans / Islands of Langerhans

is absorbed by the capillary blood vessels

Insulin

absence of insulin causes

Diabetes

is the largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds

Liver

it occupies the upper (R) abdomen but extends to the left side of the body

Liver

corresponds to the dome of the diaphragm and is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by what

Falciform Ligament

the under surface of the liver is concave and has an impressions for the (R) kidney

hepatic flexure and the gall bladder

are the one responsible in secreting bile ducts to approximately 1-3 pints per day

Hepatic Cell

is one of the body's most important organs and it perform many metabolic roles

Liver

which leaves the liver

common hepatic duct

then enters the duodenum

common bile duct

has no enzymatic action but emulsifies fats, breaking up large fat particles into smaller ones

Bile

very little fat digestion or absorption occurs

without bile

is a pear-shaped hollow organ which lies in an impression below the liver that serves as a reservoir bile

Gall Bladder

Parts of Gall Bladder

Fundus Body Neck

is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct

Cystic Duct (Ductus Cysticus)

is formed by the union of the (R) HD or DH Dexter and (L) HD or DH Cummunis and cystic duct

Common Bile Duct (Ductus Choledochus)

it passes down behind the descending duodenum and opens into the

Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla

Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla which has a sphincter called

Sphincter of Oddi

have involuntary muscle in their walls which are capable of contracting to force bile into the duodenum

Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts

is another hormone with its source from the duodenum that increases output of enzymic - rich

Cholecystokinin

Functions of the Digestive System

1. to take in water, salts, vitamins and food and to digest the food so that it may be absorbed 2. to absorb these food constituents 3. to get rid of waste products as feces

is breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Digestion

is the passage of digested products through lining membrane of the bowel

Absorption

are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen

Protein

is necessary for the building up and repair of body cells

Amino Acids

includes starches ad sugar such as glucose and fructose before it is absorbed

Carbohydrates

are also complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerin

Fats

Digestive System Flashcards

(93 cards)