Digestive System

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?
• A. To eliminate toxins from the body
• B. To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To filter the blood

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which organ is not directly involved in digestion?
• A. Liver
• B. Heart
• C. Pancreas
• D. Stomach

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What type of digestion begins in the mouth?
• A. Mechanical only
• B. Chemical only
• C. Both mechanical and chemical
• D. Neither mechanical nor chemical

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for starting carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?
• A. Pepsin
• B. Amylase
• C. Lipase
• D. Trypsin

Answer 4

B

Question 5

What is the function of gastric juice in the stomach?
• A. To neutralize stomach acids
• B. To break down food mechanically
• C. To acidify the stomach for enzyme activation and kill bacteria
• D. To absorb nutrients

Answer 5

C

Question 6

What is the semi-liquid substance formed in the stomach after digestion?
• A. Bile
• B. Bolus
• C. Chyme
• D. Mucus

Answer 6

C

Question 7

What is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients?
• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Which section of the small intestine is responsible for most nutrient absorption?
• A. Duodenum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Ileum
• D. Colon

Answer 8

B

Question 9

What is the role of bile in digestion?
• A. It breaks down carbohydrates
• B. It emulsifies fats
• C. It neutralizes stomach acid
• D. It digests proteins

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Which nutrient is absorbed by the lymphatic system instead of the bloodstream?
• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Vitamins

Answer 10

C

Question 11

What is the function of microvilli in the small intestine?
• A. To break down proteins
• B. To protect the intestine from acid
• C. To increase surface area for absorption
• D. To transport nutrients to the liver

Answer 11

C

Question 12

What is the primary function of the large intestine?
• A. Absorb nutrients
• B. Store bile
• C. Absorb water and electrolytes
• D. Digest proteins

Answer 12

C

Question 13

The first half of the large intestine primarily:
• A. Absorbs water
• B. Stores fecal matter
• C. Breaks down proteins
• D. Absorbs bile

Answer 13

A

Question 14

Which vitamin is produced by bacteria in the large intestine?
• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin K
• D. Vitamin D

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Probiotic bacteria in the gut are beneficial because they:
• A. Promote a healthy digestive system
• B. Increase stomach acid
• C. Decrease immune function
• D. Reduce water absorption

Answer 15

A

Question 16

What are prebiotics?
• A. Harmful bacteria that cause disease
• B. Digestive enzymes
• C. Food components that support bacterial growth
• D. A type of carbohydrate

Answer 16

C

Question 17

What is the main function of the liver in digestion?
• A. To store digestive enzymes
• B. To produce bile
• C. To neutralize stomach acid
• D. To digest carbohydrates

Answer 17

B

Question 18

What causes gallstones to form?
• A. Excessive bile production
• B. Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol
• C. High levels of stomach acid
• D. A lack of probiotics

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Which organ produces insulin to regulate blood sugar?
• A. Liver
• B. Pancreas
• C. Gallbladder
• D. Stomach

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for fat digestion?
• A. Amylase
• B. Trypsin
• C. Pancreatic lipase
• D. Pepsin

Answer 20

C

Question 21

Which part of the digestive system receives pancreatic secretions to aid in digestion?
• A. Stomach
• B. Large intestine
• C. Duodenum
• D. Gallbladder

Answer 21

C

Question 22

With regards to the formation of gallstones, which statement below is correct?
* A. It is formed when bile becomes supersaturated with triglycerides and cholesterol.
* B. It impairs the ability of the liver to produce bile and cause choledocholithiasis in the pancreatic duct.
* C. It blocks the flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder and causes choledocholotiasis
* D. Are crystaline-like structure formed by calcium, bilirubin, phospholipids and other compounds.
* E. None of the above

Answer 22

E

Question 23

Regarding enterocytes, which option below is correct?
* A. Are replaced by goblet cells approximately every 3 to 5 days.
* B. Contains a brush border where digestive enzymes are mostly found.
* C. Cover the surface of the small and large intestine.
* D. Absorb H2O and release it in the lymphatics.
* E. All of the above

Answer 23

B

Question 24

With regard to enterocytes, which option below is correct?
Choose the correct statement below
* A. Are cells that control water and Na+ absorption in the lumen of the large intestine.
* B. Provide a barrier between the lumen of the entire digestive system and the blood.
* C. Play a major role in the digestion of amylopectin and absorption of its components.
* D. Without them, the intestine would absorb all nutrients indiscriminately
* E. None of the above

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Choose the correct statement below. * A. Most water absorption takes place in the descending colon of the large intestine. * B. SGLT1 is the main glucose transporter in the small intestine. * C. Peristaltic waves allow the stomach to stimulate the pancreas to release pancreatic juice. * D. The brush border is formed on the apical membrane of enterocytes. * E. None of the above

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Which statement below is correct? * A. Most HCL is released in the stomach during the cephalic and intestinal phases. * B. Pepsinogen is the active protease in the stomach. * C. Parietal/oxyntic and chief/zymogenic cells are found in the gastric pits. * D. The flow of chyme towards the pyloric canal is determined by oxyntic cells. * E. Gastrin stimulates HCL release by acting in the paracrine manner.

Answer 26

C

Question 27

What are the functions liver, gallbladder, and pancreas, respectively? * A. Bile production, bile storage, and release of fully active proteases. * B. Production of mucus, bile, and pancreatic juice * C. Production of bile, storage and release of bile, and production of zymogens * D. Release of bicarbonate, activation of digestive enzymes, and production of lipase * E. Storage of bile, production of mucus, release of pancreatic juice

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Choose the false statement below: * A. A glycoprotein-rich fluid from Goblet cells protect the small intestine from HCl * B. Microvilli on the surface of enterocytes increase the surface area of the intestine * C. Pancreas and liver are part of the accessory organs * D. Bile salts released in the duodenum are degraded through the enterohepatic circulation * E. Carbohydrate, fat, and protein are mostly absorbed in the duodenum

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Which sequence of organs displays the highest to lowest metabolic rate in Kcal/kg/day? * A. Skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and kidney * B. Kidney, brain, liver, and skeletal muscle * C. Skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver * D. Brain, kidney, liver, and adipose tissue * E. Heart, brain, brain kidney, and skeletal muscle

Answer 29

B

Question 30

Choose the correct statement below: * A. The brush border of the stomach is important for gastric secretions * B. The distal portion of the stomach ends at the lumen of the jejunum * C. The acidity of chyme is neutralized by bicarbonate released in the duodenum * D. Amylase and lipase in saliva digest most carbohydrates and lipids in foods * E. The portal vein drains to the apical membrane of enterocytes

Answer 30

C

Question 31

In the absence of pancreatic amylase, which nutrient can be digested in the duodenum? * A. Sucrose * B. Glycogen * C. Glucose * D. Cellulose * E. Verbacose

Answer 31

A