Vitamins

Question 1

What distinguishes vitamins from minerals?
• A. Vitamins are inorganic compounds
• B. Vitamins are organic compounds containing carbon
• C. Vitamins provide direct energy
• D. Vitamins are stored in bones

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following is true about vitamins?
• A. They can be synthesized in sufficient amounts by the human body
• B. They are only found in animal-based foods
• C. They play essential roles in chemical reactions in the body
• D. They function as structural components of bones

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How are vitamins classified?
• A. Based on their nitrogen content
• B. By their ability to provide energy
• C. As either water-soluble or fat-soluble
• D. By their role in protein synthesis only

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which elements can vitamins contain besides carbon and hydrogen?
• A. Only oxygen
• B. Only phosphorus and sulfur
• C. Nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other elements
• D. None, as vitamins only contain carbon and hydrogen

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Why must vitamins be obtained from the diet?
* A. The body cannot produce them at all or in sufficient amounts
* B. They are destroyed by the liver if synthesized internally
* C. The body only uses vitamins from external sources
* D. They are stored indefinitely in the body

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
* A. A, B, C, and D
* B. A, D, E, and K
* C. B1, B2, B6, and C
* D. C, D, E, and K

Answer 6

B

Question 7

What must happen for vitamins bound to proteins to be absorbed?
* A. They must be phosphorylated
* B. They must be detached from the proteins
* C. They must be converted to fat-soluble form
* D. They must be stored in adipose tissue first

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Which of the following is the active form of Vitamin A that regulates gene expression?
* A. Retinol
* B. Retinal
* C. Retinoic acid
* D. Carotene

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Vitamin A is essential for which of the following functions?
* A. Iron absorption
* B. Vision and phototransduction
* C. Glucose metabolism
* D. DNA synthesis

Answer 9

B

Question 10

Vitamin A deficiency may result in:
* A. Night blindness and zerophthalmia
* B. Beriberi
* C. Rickets
* D. Scurvy

Answer 10

A

Question 11

The active form of Vitamin D is called:
* A. Calcitonin
* B. Cholecalciferol
* C. Calcitriol
* D. Ergocalciferol

Answer 11

C

Question 12

Vitamin D assists in all of the following except:
* A. Calcium absorption
* B. Bone Health
* C. Red blood cell production
* D. Cell differentiation

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Vitamin D toxicity may cause:
* A. Anemia
* B. Hypercalcemia
* C. Night blindness
* D. Liver failure

Answer 13

B

Question 14

Vitamin E primarily functions as a(n):
* A. Blood clotting factor
* B. Antioxidant
* C. Bone growth promoter
* D. Coenzyme in DNA synthesis

Answer 14

B

Question 15

A deficiency of Vitamin E can cause:
* A. Rickets
* B. Hemolytic anemia and neurological issues
* C. Xerophthalmia
* D. Beriberi

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Vitamin K is crucial; for:
* A. Collagen synthesis
* B. Vision adjustment
* C. Blood clotting activation
* D. Immune function enhancement

Answer 16

C

Question 17

Which form of Vitamin K is produced by bacteria in the gut?
* A. K1 (phylloquinone)
* B. MK-7 (menaquinone-7)
* C. Menadione
* D. K3

Answer 17

B

Question 18

Vitamin C enhances absorption which mineral?
* A. Calcium
* B. Iodine
* C. Iron
* D. Zinc

Answer 18

C

Question 19

A deficiency in Vitamin C can result in:
* A. Pellagra
* B. Scurvy
* C. Rickets
* D. Osteomalacia

Answer 19

B

Question 20

Vitamin C is destroyed by:
* A. Heat and light
* B. Cold and acids
* C. Water and oil
* D. Protein and fiber

Answer 20

A

Question 21

Vitamin B1 plays a role in:
* A. Blood clotting
* B. Sodium channel regulation and nerve transmission
* C. Oxygen transport
* D. Vision

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Deficiency of Vitamin B1 can lead to:
* A. Rickets
* B. Beriberi
* C. Pellagra
* D. Scurvy

Answer 22

B

Question 23

Riboflavin (B2) is primarily needed for:
* A. Blood clotting
* B. DNA synthesis
* C. Carbohydrate and fat metabolism
* D. Iron absorption

Answer 23

C

Question 24

What condition is caused by riboflavin deficiency?
* A. Ariboflavinosis
* B. Pellagra
* C. Scurvy
* D. Beriberi

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Niacin deficiency results in: * A. Anemia * B. Pellagra * C. Rickets * D. Night blindness

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Niacin toxicity may cause: * A. Flushing of the skin * B. Hemolytic anemia * C. Scurvy * D. Nerve demyelination

Answer 26

A

Question 27

Vitamin B6 is vital for: * A. Vision and phototransduction * B. Fat metabolism * C. Amino acid metabolism and heme synthesis * D. Calcium absorption

Answer 27

C

Question 28

A symptom of Vitamin B6 toxicity is: * A. Kidney stones * B. Nerve damage * C. Hypercalcemia * D. Blindness

Answer 28

B

Question 29

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause: * A. Hemolytic anemia * B. Scurvy * C. Pernicious anemia and neurological damage * D. Rickets

Answer 29

C

Question 30

Broccoli and kale are rich in vitamin C; therefore, what cellular processes can be supported by the ingestion of these foods? * A. Iron absorption in the gut * B. Quenching of free radicals * C. All options are correct * D. DNA synthesis * E. Collagen synthesis

Answer 30

C

Question 31

What is 1,25-OHD3? * A. Vitamin D3 after undergoing hydroxylations in the liver and kidney * B. Provitamin D produced in the skin * C. Calcitriol formed in the gut * D. Precursor of vitamin D * E. The inactive form of vitamin D3 in the circulation

Answer 31

A

Question 32

Which below are features of folate? * A. The monoglutamate form requires digestion prior to absorption in the gut * B. Used as a supplement to prevent egg white injury * C. All options are correct * D. Along with vitamin B12, it promotes the conversion of homocysteine into methionine * E. It is part of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

Answer 32

D

Question 33

28. Choose the correct statement below * A. The acidity of the stomach helps with the absorption of nonheme iron * B. Protein R is secreted into the bloodstream to carry vitamin B12 * C. Vitamin B12 degradation is prevented by intrinsic factor in the stomach * D. Vitamin B12 enters the bloodstream bound to intrinsic factor * E. The stomach releases chyme immediately when food enters the stomach

Answer 33

A

Question 34

38. Which statement below is correct? * A. The liver contains the highest amount of stored vitamin B12 in the body * B.Transcobalamin II is degraded inside of the cell and cobalamin is released * C. Methylcobalamin is active as a coenzyme in humans * D. All options are correct * E. Cobalamin is the anti-pernicious anemia factor

Answer 34

D

Question 35

Choose the correct statement below: * A. Vitamin B6 exists in 3 isoforms/vitamers * B. Thiamine is important for the synthesis of NADPH * C. Vitamin B12 is also known as the protein vitamin * D. Riboflavin is used to form NAD * E. Nicotinamide is used to produce CoA in the cytoplasm of cells

Answer 35

B

Question 36

Which statement below is correct? * A. According to the diet-heart hypothesis, consumption of trans-fats causes heart disease * B. D2 and D3 require 2 hydroxylations to display vitamin D active in vivo * C. Xeroftalmia is a symptom of vitamin deficiency * D. Vitamin K works as an anti-clotting agent * E. When heated, saturated fat produces more toxic aldehydes than unsaturated ones

Answer 36

B

Question 37

Which below are functions of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol? * A. Enhance immune function * B. Quenchers of free radicals * C. All options are correct * D. Confer protection to cell membranes against oxidative stress * E. Improve vitamin A absorption

Answer 37

B

Question 38

Choose the correct statement below: * A. The vitamin B12:IF complex is absorbed in the ileum by receptor-mediated endocytosis * B. Degradation of IF by proteases in the duodenum allows vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum * C. Along with riboflavin, vitamin B12 plays a key role in DNA synthesis and cell differentiation * D. Folate prevents avidin from binding to biotin * E. Cyanocobalamin is the active form of vitamin B12

Answer 38

A

Question 39

Which of the following is affected by Vitamin C? * A. Collagen Synthesis * B. Hormone production * C. Bone Health * D. Two of the above * E. All of the above

Answer 39

E

Question 40

Which if the following statements is true: * A. Vitamin K is exclusively found in its fat soluble form * B. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the form of B1 found mainly in plants * C. Riboflavin is used to produce FADand FMN * D. None of the above

Answer 40

C

Question 41

True or false Fat consumption enhances the bioavailability of dietary Vitamin D.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Which of the following statements is true: * A. 'Egg white injury' is linked to pantothenic acid deficiency * B. Folic acid supplementation is advised to prevent spinal bifida in the developing fetus * C. Folate is also known as the 'protein vitamin' * D. Niacin is mostly present in plant foods as NADP or NAD

Answer 42

B

Question 43

Where would you be least likely to find cobalamin? * A. Legumes * B. Beef * C. Liver * D. Milk

Answer 43

A

Question 44

Which of the following is least likely to occur with low circulating calcium levels? * A. Elevated PTH release from the thyroid gland * B. An increased in the activation of vitaminD * C. Increased bone reception * D. Increased renal reabsorption of calcium

Answer 44

A