Proteins Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
What differentiates proteins from carbohydrates and fats?
• A. Presence of oxygen
• B. Presence of nitrogen and sulfur
• C. Lack of hydrogen
• D. Higher energy content
A
B
2
Q
Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
• A. Enzyme production
• B. Structural components
• C. Energy storage
• D. Transport of molecules
A
C
3
Q
How does the body use dietary protein?
• A. It stores proteins for later use
• B. It breaks proteins into amino acids and reshapes them into functional proteins
• C. It absorbs proteins directly without modification
• D. It converts proteins into fatty acids
A
B
4
Q
What determines the shape of a functional protein?
• A. The arrangement of amino acids dictated by mRNA
• B. The type of food consumed
• C. The presence of carbohydrates
• D. The protein’s water content
A
A
5
Q
Why are essential amino acids important in the diet?
• A. The body cannot synthesize them in sufficient amounts
• B. They provide direct energy to muscles
• C. They regulate blood sugar levels
• D. They can be replaced by carbohydrates
A
A
6
Q
Which protein function is responsible for immune defense?
- A. Enzymatic function
- B. Transport function
- C. Protective function
- D. Structural function
A
C
7
Q
According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, which food group is the largest source of protein intake?
- A. Meat
- B. Dairy products
- C. Legumes
- D. Nuts & seeds
A
B
8
Q
What is the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) for protein intake?
- A. 5-15% of total calories
- B. 10-35% of total calories
- C. 20-50% of total calories
- D. 35-60% of total calories
A
B
9
Q
How is the recommemded dietary allowance (RDS) for protein calculated?
- A. Fixed daily intake for all individuals
- B. Based on body weight (kg) x 0.8 g/day
- C. Based on body fat percentage
- D. By measuring protein levels in the bloodstream
A
B
10
Q
Which demographic factor increased between 2004 and 2015 CCHS surveys?
- A. Smoking rate
- B. BMI
- C. Percentage of while participants
- D. Protein deficiency rate
A
B
11
Q
Which if the following is an essential amino acid?
- A. Glycine
- B. Proline
- C. Leucine
- D. Glutamine
A
C
12
Q
Which amino acids can be synthesized by the human body?
- A. Essential amino acids
- B. Non-essential amino acids
- C. Branched-chain amino acids
- D.Aromatic amino acids
A
B
13
Q
Which amino acids is considered conditionally essential?
- A. Valine
- B. Histidine
- C. Glutamine
- D.Lysine
A
C
14
Q
What determines the shape and function of a protein?
- A. The amount of protein consumed
- B. The mRNA sequence during protein synthesis
- C. The presence of carbohydrates
- D. The length of the polypeptide chain
A
B
15
Q
What type of bond links amino acids together in proteins?
- A. Hydrogen bon
- B. Peptide bond
- C. Ionic bond
- D. Disulfide bond
A
B
16
Q
Which level of protein structure involves alpha-helics and beta-pleated sheets?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Tertiary
- D. Quaternary
A
B
17
Q
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
- A. The sequence of amino acids
- B. The 3D shape of a single polypeptide
- C. The interaction between multiple polypeptides
- D.The presence of only alpha-helices
A
C
18
Q
Which enzyme is activated by hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach for protein digestion?
- A. Amylase
- B. Lipase
- C. Pepsin
- D.Trypsin
A
C
19
Q
Which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes for protein digestion?
- A. Secretin
- B. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
- C. Insulin
- D. Glucagon
A
B
20
Q
Which organ is responsible for the final processing of absorbed amino acids?
- A. Stomach
- B. Liver
- C. Pancreas
- D. Small Intestine
A
B
21
Q
What is the role of brush border enzymes in protein digestion?
- A. Initiate protein digestion in the stomach
- B. Covert amino acids into glucose
- C. Complete the hydrolysis of peptidces into amino acids
- D. Activate bile salts
A
C
22
Q
What is transamination?
- A. The removal of an amine group
- B. The transfer of an amine group to form a new amino acid
- C. The digestion of protein in the stomach
- D. The breakdown of proteins into peptides
A
B
23
Q
What happens to ammonia (NH3) produced from deamination?
- A. It is stored in muscles for energy
- B. It is converted into urea and excreted in urine
- C. It is converted into fatty acids
- D.It is directly absorbed into the bloodstream
A
B
24
Q
What does a negative nitrogen balance indicate?
- A. Protein synthesis exceeds breakdown
- B. Protein breakdown exceeds synthesis
- C. Equal protein intake and excretion
- D. Increased muscle hypertrophy
A
B
25
What is a complete protein?
* A. A protein source that lacks essential amino acids
* B. A protein source with all essential amino acids
* C. A protein that is hard to digest
* D. A protein derived only from plants
B
26
Which plants-based food group has lysine as a limiting amino acid?
* A. Legumes
* B. Nuts & Seeds
* C. Grains and cereals
C
27
Which protein supplement is hydrolyzed for rapid absorption?
* A. Concentrate
* B. Isolate
* C. Hydrolysate
C
28
What protein intake range (g/kg/day) is recommended for physically active individuals?
* A. 0.6 - 1.2 g/kg
* B. 1.4 - 2.0 g/kg
* C. 2.5 - 3.5 g/kg
* D. 3.0 - 4.5 g/kg
B
29
Which hormone promotes muscle protein synthesis?
* A. Cortisol
* B. Testosterone
* C. T3
B
30
Which protein is recommended before sleep for overnight muscle protein?
* A. Whey protein
* B. Casein protein
* C. Soy protein
* D. Pea protein
B
31
Which method is used to determine protein requirement by tracking labeled amino acid oxidation in breath samples?
* A. Nitrogen balance Method
* B. Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method
* C. Protein Turnover Ration
* D. Oxygen Exhalation Analysis
B
32
Which amino acid is key regulator of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) through the mTOR pathway?
* A. Arginine
* B. Leucine
* C. Glycine
* D.Tyrosine
B
33
What is the primary reason plant proteins generally have lower digestibility compared to animal proteins?
* A. Higher essential amino acid content
* B. The presence of anti-nutrients
* C. Greater bioavailability of amino acids
* D. Increased nitrogen content
B
34
Which of the following statements is false?
* A. The AMDR for protein is 10-35%
* B. The RDA for protein for (most) adults is 0.8 g/kg/day
* C. The RDA represents the maximum amount of protein one should consume at a given life stage
* D. Athletes require more protein
* E. The RDA stands for 'recommended dietary allowance'
C
35
Which of the following statements is true?
* A. Urea is formed in the kidneys and then excreted as urine
* B. The process of transamination leads to an increase in urea production
* C. The tertiary and quaternary structures of a protein can involve more than 1 peptide chain
* D. A condensation reaction makes water and bonds one amino acid to another
* E. Protein denaturation is a permanent alteration in the primary sequence of a protein
D
36
Which of the following statements about proteins digestion is false?
* A. Protein digestion occurs in the stomach
* B. Throughout the digestive process, gastrin is secreted first, followed by CCK and secretin
* C. Lactose intolerance can result from an allergic reaction to small peptides in the bloodstream
* D. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin are all enzymes that break down proteins into smaller constituents and/or amino acids
* E. Chyme is acidic
C
37
Which if the following amino acid side chains are polar AND aromatic?
* A. Valine
* B. Phenylalanine
* C. Glutamic Acid
* D. Tyrosine
* E. Arginine
D
38
Which of the following statements about protein quality is false?
* A. Isoleucine and lysine are the limiting amino acids in nuts and seeds.
* B. Protein nitrogenation is a technique used by vegans to ensure they are getting enough protein every day.
* C. Some legumes can be limiting in the amino acid methionine.
* D. Soybeans are considered to be a more complete protein.
* E. Protein quality scoring system consider the digestibility and amino acids composition of protein-containing foods.
B
39
Which statement below is correct?
* A. Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are called indispensable amino acids
* B. Deamination refers to the transfer of the amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form another amino acid
* C. Hydrolysis reactions form polypeptide bonds
* D. The RDA represents the daily protein intake amount (i.e., the recommended amount) that would be suitable for approximately 50% of the population
* E. None of these statements are correct
E
40
Which statement below is correct?
* A. Resistance exercise oxidizes a lot of protein thereby depleting the free AA pool
* B. Although, casein protein contain more EAAs and BCAAs than soy protein, soy stimulates muscle protein synthesis better than casein, acutely
* C. Lentil or pea protein intake is equivalent to whey protein at stimulating muscle protein synthesis post-exercise
* D. The combination of resistance exercise plus amino acid feeding is not better at stimulating muscle protein synthesis than resistance exercise alone
* E. Soy and whey proteins are of equivalent protein quality
B
41
Which statement below is incorrect?
* A. None of these statements are incorrect
* B. Older adults require more protein than younger adults
* C. Peptide bonds are formed between the amino acids of 2 amino acids
* D. High quality proteins are more easily obtained from animal sources
* E. Muscle tissue and some hormones like insulin represent an endogenous source of amino acids
E
42
All the following are true pertaining to protein intakes for active individuals, except?
* A. The post-exercise anabolic window is of utmost importance
* B. Protein intakes before bed may be beneficial
* C. 0.25-0.4 per kg (4-5 times per day) is the relative amount of protein recommended to be ingested at one time
* D. According to a recent meta-analysis, 1.6g per kg per day is the amount of protein that optimizes resistance exercise benefits on fat free mass
* E. 20-30g is the absolute amount of protein recommended to be ingested at one time post-exercise
A
43
Which of the following amino acid side chains are considered polar and negatively charged?
* A. Tyrosine
* B. Isoleucine
* C. Aspartic acid
* D. Phenylalanine
* E. Proline
C
44
Which of the following amino acid side chains are considered nonpolar and aromatic?
* A. Isoleucine
* B. Tryptophan
* C. Proline
* D. Aspartic acid
* E. Alanine
B
45
Besides protein synthesis, which below are also functions of amino acids?
* A. All are functions of amino acids
* B. Can be oxidized for energy during exercise
* C. Some can serve as gluconeogenic precursors (i.e., they can be turned into glucose)
* D. Regulation of acid base (pH) balance
* E. Regulation of fluid balance (osmotic pressure)
A
46
Which statement below is incorrect?
* A. Pepsin is responsible for digesting proteins in the stomach
* B. Bicarbonate is secreted by the pancreas
* C. HCl denatures pepsinogen in the stomach causing it to unfold and become activated
* D. Secretin stimulates the release of bicarbonate into the small intestine
* E. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are activated in the small intestine and work to break down peptide bonds in chyme
C
47
In which of the following situations would someone be in the negative nitrogen balance?
* A. When you are on a hypercaloric diet
* B. Pregnancy
* C. Disease states like sepsis or cancer
* D. When you are trying to build muscle mass
* E. None of these statements are correct
C
