Digestive System

Question 1

Where does the digestive system bring nutrients to?

Answer 1

The body

Question 2

What are the accessory organs?

Answer 2

1. Liver
2. Gallbladder
3. Pancreas
4. Salivary Glands

Question 3

How many walls is the GI tract composed of?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Mucosa

Answer 4

Innermost layer of GI tract
Mucous membrane in contact with lumen

Question 5

Submucosa

Answer 5

Layer of connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Question 6

Serosa

Answer 6

Outermost layer of GI tract

Question 7

What are sphincters?

Answer 7

Thick muscular rings that separate some of the organs

Question 8

What does perishtalsis mean?

Answer 8

propels food forward

Question 9

What does segmentation mean?

Answer 9

Mixes food

Question 10

What does the mouth do?

Answer 10

Processes food for swallowing

Question 11

How many teeth do children and adults have?

Answer 11

Children: 20
Adults: 32

Question 12

Structure of teeth

Answer 12

Root, canal

Question 13

Is the tongue a skeletal muscle?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 14

1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands
3. Siblingual glands

Question 15

What does the pharynx and esophagus do?

Answer 15

Deliver food to the stomach

Question 16

What does the epilogottis do?

Answer 16

Closes airway temporarily so food will not enter trachea

Question 17

What does the stomach do?

Answer 17

Stores food, digests protein, regulates delivery

Question 18

What does the esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 18

Prevents back flow of stomach acid into esophagus

Question 19

What does gastric juice do?

Answer 19

Breaks down proteins

Question 20

How long does it take for the stomach to completely empty after a meal?

Answer 20

2-6 hours

Question 21

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 21

Digests food, absorbs nutrients and water

Question 22

What percentage of food is absorbed in small intestine?

Answer 22

90%

Question 23

What is nutrition?

Answer 23

Interaction between organism and its food

Question 24

What does accessory organs do?

Answer 24

Aids digestion and absorption

Question 25

How are amino acids absorbed?

Answer 25

Active transport

Question 26

How is water absorbed?

Answer 26

Osmosis

Question 29

What are simple carbohydrates?

Answer 29

Sugar

Question 30

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 30

Starch, fiber, glycogen

Question 31

What are saturated fats?

Answer 31

Meat, dairy products, palm kernel oil Tend to raise LDL

Question 32

How many essential minerals are there?

Answer 32

21

Question 33

What is mechanical processing and movement?

Answer 33

Chewing and mixing

Question 34

What is digestion?

Answer 34

Breaking down food to smallest absorbable units (chemical and mechanical breakdown)

Question 35

What does absorption mean?

Answer 35

Nutrients and water move into blood or lymph vessels (occurs through mucosa)

Question 36

What is the composition of saliva?

Answer 36

1. Mucin 2. Salivary amylase (begins digestion of starch) 3. Bicarbonate (Maintains pH for optimal amylase activity) 4. Lysozyme (inhibits bacterial growth)

Question 37

Hydrochloric acid

Answer 37

Produces a pH of about 2, breaks down food

Question 38

Intrinsic factor

Answer 38

Needed to absorb vitamin B12

Question 39

Pepsinogen

Answer 39

Converted into pepsin by acid, begins protein breakdown

Question 40

Mucus

Answer 40

Protects stomach lining

Question 41

Peptic ulcers

Answer 41

Form if the mucas barrier is damaged

Question 42

Chyme

Answer 42

Watery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is delivered to the small intestine

Question 43

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 43

Regulates passage of food into small intestine

Question 44

Does the stomach absorb nutrients?

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What do proteases digest?

Answer 45

Proteins

Question 46

What does pancreatic amylase digest?

Answer 46

Starch

Question 47

What does the hepatic portal system do?

Answer 47

Drains blood from the digestive tract to the liver

Question 48

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 48

Absorbs nutrients and eliminates waste

Question 49

Examples of unsaturated fats

Answer 49

Plant sources (olive oil), omega-3 fatty acids, linked to reduced risk of heart disease

Question 50

How many amino acids must be digested in foods?

Answer 50

8

Question 51

What does fat soluble mean?

Answer 51

Absorbed with fats and stored in adipose tissue (Vitamin A)

Question 52

What does water soluble mean?

Answer 52

Stored briefly, must be consumed on a regular basis (Vitamin C)