Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary System regulates body fluids
True or False

Answer 1

True

Question 2

What is excretion?

Answer 2

Process that removes wastes and excess material from the body

Question 3

How do kidneys maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

• Water balance
• Salt balance
• Maintain acid - base balance and blood pH
• Activate vitamin D
• Regulate red blood cell production

Question 4

True or false
Kidneys regulated water levels

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is the principal organ of the urinary system?

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

Parts of the kidney

Answer 6

1. Cortex: outer portion of kidneys
2. Medulla: Inner region of kidneys
3. Renal pelvis: Hollow space in the center of the kidneys where water collects

Question 7

Ureters

Answer 7

Muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 8

Urinary bladder

Answer 8

3 layers of smooth muscle lined with epithelial cells

Question 9

Urethra

Answer 9

Carries urine from bladder to outside the body
2 sphincters control urination

Question 10

What is the nephron?

Answer 10

Functional unit of the kidney

Question 11

How many nephrons per kidney?

Answer 11

1 million

Question 12

Glomerular capsule

Answer 12

cupcake end of tubule surrounding glomerules (where filtration occurs)

Question 13

What supplies the kidney?

Answer 13

Renal artery

Question 14

What collects blood from kidney?

Answer 14

Renal vein

Question 15

What are the two functional parts of the nephron?

Answer 15

• Tubule
• Associated blood supply

Question 16

4 regions of tubule

Answer 16

1. Proximal convulated tubule
2. Henle loop
3. Distal Convoluted tubule
4. Collecting ducts

Question 17

What is the collecting ducts?

Answer 17

Shared by several nephrons, empties into renal pelvis

Question 18

Efferent arteriole

Answer 18

Exits the glomerular capsule

Question 19

Glomerular

Answer 19

Capillary network within the glomerular capsule

Question 20

Afferent arteriole

Answer 20

Enters the glomerular capsule

Question 21

Glomerular filtration

Answer 21

Movement of solution from blood into the glomerular capsule

Question 22

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 22

Return of most of the fluid and solutes into the blood

Question 23

Tubular secretion

Answer 23

Addition of certain solutes from the blood into the tubule

Question 24

Where does most tubular reabsorption occur?

Answer 24

Proximal tubule

Question 25

What percentage of water reabsorption takes place in the proximal tubule?

Answer 25

65-70%

Question 26

What is tubular secretion?

Answer 26

Movement of materials from capillaries into tubule

Question 27

What is the purpose of tubular secretion?

Answer 27

- Regulation of chemical levels in body - Excretion of harmful chemicals

Question 28

What are substances that are secreted?

Answer 28

Penicillin, cocaine, marijuana, pesticides, preservatives, hydrogen ions, ammonium, potassium

Question 29

How do kidneys respond to excess water?

Answer 29

By excreting it and producing a more dilute urine

Question 30

What can too little water lead to?

Answer 30

Lower blood volume, lower blood pressure

Question 31

What is diuresis?

Answer 31

High urine flow rate

Question 32

What is diuretic?

Answer 32

Any substance that increases the formation and excretion of urine

Question 33

What is lasix?

Answer 33

Medication that reduces blood volume and blood pressure

Question 34

Caffeine

Answer 34

Inhibits sodium reabsorption

Question 35

Alcohol

Answer 35

Inhibits ADH release

Question 36

Micturition reflex

Answer 36

neural reflex that enables emptying of bladder

Question 37

Kidney stones

Answer 37

Crystallized minerals, inhibits urnine flow