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Digestive System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system

A

To break down large organic compounds into smaller compounds that can be used by the body and remove waste

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2
Q

What does the Pancreas hold

A

Enzymes that chemically break down proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids

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3
Q

Protein digesting enzyme

A

Typsin

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4
Q

Fat digesting enzyme

A

Lipase

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5
Q

Carbohydrate enzyme

A

Pancreatic amlase

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6
Q

How many functions does the liver have

A

Over 500

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7
Q

What are some functions of the liver

A

-Detoxifies harmful substances in the body
-breaks down old red blood cells
-stores substances such as vitamins and glycogen
-produces liquid called bile

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8
Q

What does the gallbladder do

A

Stores bile until it is needed

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9
Q

when is bile released

A

when hormone CCK tells the gallbladder to release the bile

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10
Q

physical digestion in the mouth

A

chewing

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11
Q

physical digestion in the esophagus

A

peristalsis

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12
Q

physical digestion in the stomach

A

churning of muscles

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13
Q

physical digestion in the small intestine

A

peristalsis

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14
Q

physical digestion in the large intestine

A

peristalsis

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15
Q

hormones involved in the mouth

A

none

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16
Q

hormones involved in the esophagus

A

none

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17
Q

hormones involved in the stomach

A

gastrin

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18
Q

hormones involved in the small intestine

A

CCK
secriton

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19
Q

hormones involved in the large intestine

A

none

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20
Q

enzymes in the mouth

A

salivary amylase

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21
Q

enzymes in the esophagus

A

none

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22
Q

enzymes in the stomach

A

pepsin

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23
Q

enzymes in the small intestine

A

pancreatic amylase
lipases
trypsin

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24
Q

enzymes in the large intestines

A

none

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25
where is pancreatic amylase made
pancreas
26
where is lipases made
pancreas
27
where is trypsin made
pancreas
28
where is salivary amylase made
salivary glands
29
where is pepsin made and how
stomach lining HCl + pepsinogen=pepsin
30
what macro-molecule does pancreatic amylase work on
carbohydrates
31
what macro-molecule does salivary amylase work on
carbohydrates
32
what macro-molecule does pepsin work on
protein
33
what macro-molecule does lipases work on
lipids
34
what macro-molecule does trypsin work on
protein
35
end product of carbohydrates in mouth
disaccharide or monosaccharaide
36
end product of protein in stomach
amino acid
37
end product of carbohydrates in small intestine
glucose
38
end product of lipids in the small intestine
tryglyceride
39
end product of protein in the small intestine
amino acids
40
where is bile made
liver
41
what does bile digest
physically digest lipids
42
what is chemical digestion
the use of enzymes to break down macro-molecules
43
what is physical digestion
the mechanical breakdown of food into small particles -ex:chewing
44
what are peristalsis
involuntary wave like contraction of smooth muscle along the alimentary canal
45
what are enzymes
-proteins that speed up chemical reaction without being used up -they can only react with specific substances
46
feedback loop of secretin
1.acidic chyme enters into small intestine 2.released from lining of small intestine 3. tells liver to make bile and store in gallbladder 3.tells pancreas to release/neutralize acidic chyme -basic solution to SI
47
feedback loop of CCK
1.fat rich chyme enters the small intestine 2.CCK is relased from stomach lining 3.CCK tells pancreas to release all digestive enzymes.(trypsin, pancriatic amylase, lipase)
48
feedback loop of gastrin
1. food entres stomach 2.Gastrin is released from stomach lining 3. gastrin tells stomach lining to relase pepsinogen + HCl to make pepsin 4.pepsin is created
49
function of proteins
key building blocks of cells and performs a wide range of functions like: -hormones -building block for hair, skin, nails, bone, blood
50
function of carbohydrates
main energy source for the body
51
function of fats
-concentrated energy source -help absorb vitamins -component of cell membrane -insulation -certain hormones(sex cells)
52
how many amino acids are there how many can the body make how many can we get from food
20 different human body can make 12 8 amino acids from food sources
53
the three different levels of protein
protein peptide amino acid
54
basic building unit of macro-molecules
monomer
55
daily energy needs from protein
10-30%
56
how is protein stored in the body
body breaks down proteins into amino acids so they can be used as building blocks
57
can extra protein be stored
no, extra protein is store as fat
58
three levels of structure of carbohydrates
polysaccharide disaccharide monosaccharaide
59
daily energy needs from carbohydrates
about 55%
60
how is carbohydrates stored
stored in the liver and muscle tissues in form of glycogen
61
hat happens if glycogen storage is full
excess carbohydrates turn into lipids and stored as body fat
62
different levels/types of fats/lipids
saturated:solid unsaturated:liquid cholesterol:steroid sex hormomes:steroid
63
what is a saccharide
sugar molecule
64
how are fats stored in the body
as fat in body in adipose tissue
65
daily energy needs from fats
no more than 30%
66
7
Tongue
67
8
Esophagus
68
9
Pancreas
69
10
Stomach
70
11
Pancreatic duct
71
12
Liver
72
13
Gallbladder
73
14
Duodenum
74
15
Bile duct
75
16
Large intestine
76
17
Transverse colon
77
18
Ascending colon
78
19
Descending colon
79
20
Small intestine
80
21
Caecum
81
22
Appendix
82
23
Rectum
83
24

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