digestive system Flashcards
(15 cards)
Function of the Digestive System
Breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb; eliminates solid waste
what are nutrients and what do they provide
Nutrients are substances in food that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair
what are the organs called tha go through digestion process.
Digestion occurs in a series of organs called the digestive tract.
what is the order of the digestion organs
mouth - esophagus - stomach - small intestine - large intestine - rectum - eliminated from the body
what is mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth as your teeth cut, grind and mash food. It is broken down into smaller pieces
→physical change
what is chemical digestion
- Chemical digestion food is broken down by acids and enzymes. Now the food is broken down into simple molecules that dissolve in water → chemical change
what does the mouth do:
Mechanical & chemical digestion starts here.
Teeth grind the food and mix it with saliva.
Saliva contains an enzyme to break down starch to sugars.
what does the esophogus do:
Muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach
Peristalsis (muscle contraction) moves the food
.
what does the stomach do:
The strong, muscular walls of the stomach contract to mix the food with digestive juices (enzymes and acids).
When mixed with digestive juices, solid food breaks down and becomes more fluid.
what does the small intestine do
Most chemical digestion and almost all absorption of food into the bloodstream takes place here.
The Villi absorbs nutrients and water from digested food.
what does thee small intestine produce and what does it do
lined with villi that absorb nutrients from the liquid mixture called chyme produced in the stomach from the food we eat.
What does the large intestine do
No digestion occurs in the large intestine
Absorbs water from food
Eliminates undigested food as waste (feces)
what does the rectum do
Waste material is compressed into solid form
what does the anus do
Muscles control the release of solid wastes from the body
What are the associated diesaeses with the digestive system?
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A common disorder that affects the large intestine, causing cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) - Chronic inflammatory conditions of the digestive tract.
