Digestive System

Question 1

What does the digestive system do

Answer 1

Breaks down food into nutrients that the body can use for energy, growth and repair and gets rid of waste

Question 2

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Simple carbs: Sugars
Complex carbs: sugars linked together

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Amino Acids linked together

Question 3

Carbohydrates Role

Answer 3

Source of energy. Complex Carb energy released slower so it lasts longer

Question 4

Proteins role

Answer 4

Source of energy; makes enzymes, bones and tissue

Question 5

Lipids Chemistry

Answer 5

Fatty acids attached to glycerol

Question 6

Lipids are…

Answer 6

Fats and oils

Question 7

Lipids Role

Answer 7

Source of energy & essential fatty acids

Question 8

Nutrient Group Chemistries that vary

Answer 8

Vitamins and Minerals

Question 9

Nutrient Group Roles that vary

Answer 9

Minerals and Vitamins. Needed for some chemical processes

Question 10

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 10

Physically breaking the food into smaller pieces

Question 11

Chemical Digestion

Answer 11

Breaking down food into simpler nutrients usable by cells

Question 12

Mouth

Answer 12

Contains the tongue (moves food around and helps with taste) and teeth (chew and break down food into smaller pieces)

Question 13

Salivary Glands

Answer 13

Produce saliva that contains enzymes to begin breaking down carbohydrates

Question 14

Epiglottis

Answer 14

A small flap that covers your windpipe when you swallow to prevent food from entering your lungs

Question 15

Oesophagus

Answer 15

A muscular tube that moves food from your mouth to your stomach through rhythmic contractions

Question 16

Stomach

Answer 16

A muscular sac that churns food and mixes it with acids and enzymes to break it down further. Breaks down proteins and some carbs.

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

Produces bile to help digest fats and processes nutrients absorbed from the intestines

Question 18

Gall Bladder

Answer 18

Stores bile produced by the liver until it’s needed for digestion

Question 19

Pancreas

Answer 19

Releases and creates digestive enzymes that break down carbs, sugars, fats, proteins (into the small intestines) and hormones that help regulate blood sugar.

Question 20

Small Intestine

Answer 20

Where most nutrient absorption occurs through tiny finger-like projections called villi. Chemical Digestion. Most of absorption takes place here

Question 21

Large Intestine

Answer 21

Absorbs water and minerals from indigestible food, forming waste.

Question 22

Appendix

Answer 22

A small pouch attached to the large intestine that may help with immune function

Question 23

Rectum

Answer 23

This is the final section of the large intestine where waste is stored temporarily before elimination. When the rectum fills with waste, it signals to your brain that you must go to the bathroom.

Question 24

Anus

Answer 24

The end of the digestive tract and the exit point for waste.

Question 25

Digestive System Process

Answer 25

Important: Pancreas releases enzymes to the organs to help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates throughout all of the digestive tract 1. Food enters your mouth where it's chewed by teeth and mixed with saliva 2. The tongue forms food into a ball (bolus) and pushes it to the back of your throat 3. The epiglottis closes over your windpipe as you swallow 4. Food travels down the oesophagus through wave-like muscle movements 5. In the stomach, food mixes with acids and enzymes, forming a liquid mixture (chyme) 6. The gallbladder releases stored bile made by the liver 7. The small intestine absorbs nutrients into your bloodstream 8. The large intestine absorbs water and forms waste 9. Waste is stored in the rectum until elimination

Question 26

Label the digestive system

Answer 26

To be done on jacplus

Question 27

Enzymes are... What they do...

Answer 27

Proteins that make digestion possible o Break food into simple nutrients

Question 28

Bolus

Answer 28

Round, chewed-up ball of food made in the mouth that makes swallowing easier

Question 29

Peristalsis

Answer 29

Muscular contractions that move food around the digestive tract

Question 30

Digestion

Answer 30

Digestion fo food

Question 31

Starch

Answer 31

A complex carbohydrate that stores energy in plants

Question 32

Bile

Answer 32

A substance produced by the liver that helps digest lipids

Question 33

Capillaries

Answer 33

Small blood vessels that transport nutrients away from the small intestines

Question 34

Villi

Answer 34

Small, finger-like projections that line the inside of the small intestine and absorb nutrients

Question 35

Glycerol

Answer 35

Used to help make and store energy in your cells and is turned into glucose

Question 36

Muscular contractions that move food around the digestive tract

Answer 36

Peristalsis

Question 37

Hormones

Answer 37

Chemicals that coordinate the different functions in your body

Question 38

Where does the small intestine get its enzymes from

Answer 38

Receives enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver Contains its own enzymes in the intestinal lining

Question 39

Where does nutrient absorption occur?

Answer 39

Small Intestine (90%). Mouth, Large Intestine, Stomach (minimal absorbtion)

Question 40

The large intestine uses what kind of digestion

Answer 40

Chemical Digestion

Question 41

Each enzyme has

Answer 41

o Each enzyme has a specific job, for example:  Amylase: Breaks carbohydrates into simple sugars  Protease: Breaks down proteins into amino acids