Digestive System

Question 1

Small intestine main function

Answer 1

site of most enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 2

large intestine main function

Answer 2

absorb water and electrolytes

Question 3

stomach main function

Answer 3

temporary storage tank for food to be churned

Question 4

liver main function

Answer 4

produce bile

Question 5

esophagus

Answer 5

propel food to the abdomen (to stomach)

Question 6

oral cavity

Answer 6

chew and moisten food with saliva

Question 7

components of the alimentary canal

Answer 7

1. oral cavity
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. large intestine
7. anus

Question 8

list the accessory digestive organs

Answer 8

1. teeth
2. tongue
3. salivary glands
4. liver
5. gallbladder
6. pancreas

Question 9

six steps of digestive process

Answer 9

1. ingestion
2. propulsion
3. mechanical digestion
4. chemical digestion
5. absorption
6. defecation

Question 10

what is propulsion

Answer 10

the movement of food through the alimentary canal

Question 11

what organs have peristalsis

Answer 11

esophagus
stomach
intestines

Question 12

what is peristalsis

Answer 12

waves of contraction and relaxation of muscles in organ walls

Question 13

what is segmentation

Answer 13

rhythmic local constrictions to mix food with digestive juices and increases efficiency of nutrient absorption

Question 14

is segmentation a form of mechanical or chemical digestion

Answer 14

mechanical

Question 15

functions of the oral cavity

Answer 15

1. ingest food
2. mechanical digestion through chewing
3. soften food with saliva
4. beginning chemical digestion with salivary enzymes

Question 16

what are borders of the oral cavity?

Answer 16

anterior: lips
posterior: oropharynx
lateral: cheeks
superior: palate
inferior: tongue

Question 17

what is the name of the anterior opening of the oral cavity?

Answer 17

oral orrifice

Question 18

what are the two regions of the oral cavity

Answer 18

oral cavity proper: region internal to teeth
vestibule: space between teeth and cheeks/lips

Question 19

what region of the oral cavity would you brush the outside of your teeth in?

Answer 19

vestibule

Question 20

what forms the uvula

Answer 20

the free edge of the soft palate

Question 21

hard palate’s role in swallowing is

Answer 21

tongue pushes food against it so it can be pushed back into oropharynx

Question 22

what is the purpose of the soft palate

Answer 22

rises to close off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx when swallowing

Question 23

why can you not breathe and swallow at the same time

Answer 23

swallowing requires the soft palate to be lifted (closed off nasopharynx)
breathing requires soft palate relaxed (open nasopharynx)

Question 24

list the muscles in the soft palate

Answer 24

tensor veli palatini
levator veli palatini
palatopharyngeus
palatoglossus

Question 25

which muscle is considered both a soft palate and tongue muscle

Answer 25

palatoglossus - lifts the posterior part of the tongue but is found in the palatoglosseal arch

Question 26

where are palatine tonsils found

Answer 26

between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 27

what structures are connected by the palatoglossal arch

Answer 27

soft palate and tongue

Question 28

what structures are connected by the palatopharyngeal arch

Answer 28

soft palate and pharynx

Question 29

which muscle elevates the soft palate

Answer 29

levator veli palatini

Question 30

what muscle tenses the soft palate

Answer 30

mainly tensor veli palatini, also palatopharyngeus

Question 31

what is a cleft palate

Answer 31

when the right and left halves of the palate fail to join during development, leaving an opening between the nasal cavity and the oral cavity

Question 32

what are the functions of the tongue

Answer 32

1. bolus formation 2. taste 3. speech 4. chewing 5. swallowing

Question 33

what are lingual papillae

Answer 33

peg-like projections on the superior surface of the tongue

Question 34

list the types of lingual papillae

Answer 34

1. filiform 2. fungiform 3. circumvallate 4. foliate

Question 35

which type(s) of lingual papillae does not have taste buds

Answer 35

filiform

Question 36

what type(s) of lingual papillae are found across the entire superior surface of the tongue

Answer 36

filiform and fungiform

Question 37

where can you find foliate lingual papillae

Answer 37

as ridges on the sides of the tongue in the middle third

Question 38

what type of lingual papillae mark the border between the anterior two thirds and posterior one third of the tongue

Answer 38

circumvallate - 10-12 line up in a V shape

Question 39

which lingual papillae help grasping food and how

Answer 39

filiform - they roughen the tongue

Question 40

what is the sulcus terminalis and where is it found

Answer 40

the groove just posterior to the circumvallate papillae - demarcation between ant. 2/3 and post. 1/3

Question 41

what do the intrinsic tongue muscles do

Answer 41

change the shape of the tongue

Question 42

what do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do

Answer 42

change the position of the tongue

Question 43

are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue attached to bone? if so which bones?

Answer 43

extrinsic originate from the bones of the skull and hyoid bone intrinsic are not attached to bone

Question 44

what are the four pairs of extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 44

styloglossus genioglossus hyoglossus palatoglossus

Question 45

what nerves innervate the tongue

Answer 45

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) lingual nerve (CN V) facial nerve (CN VII) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 46

which nerve(s) only provides sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Answer 46

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Question 47

which nerve(s) provide special sensory (taste) to the tongue

Answer 47

facial nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 48

which nerve(s) provide general sensory to the tongue

Answer 48

lingual nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 49

which nerve(s) innervate the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 49

hypoglossal nerve

Question 50

which tongue muscle is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 50

palatoglosseus

Question 51

what does the lingual nerve innervate

Answer 51

general sensory only to anterior 2/3 of the tongue