Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P test 3 > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

fxns of digestive tract (6)

A
  1. ingestion
  2. motility
  3. secretion
  4. digestion
  5. absorption
  6. elimination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically break food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chemical digestion

A

break covalent bonds using enzymes

macromolecules digested to monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mucosa

  1. structure (3)
  2. fxn (3)
A
  1. epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

2. protection, secretion, absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

submucosa

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. areolar & dense irreg. CT & blood vessels

2. houses MALT, submucosal glands & submucosal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

muscularis

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. smooth muscle

2. houses myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

serosa or adventita

  1. structure
  2. fxn
A
  1. serosa =peritoneum/lining of abd. wall
    adventitia= areolar CT w/ collagen & elastic fibers covers/anchors organ
  2. serous fluid for lube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fxn of submucosal plexus

A

controls movement of muscular is mucosae & secretions from mucosa and submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fxn of myenteric plexus

A

controls smooth muscle contraction of muscularis—mixes & propels via peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

segmentation

A

aka churning/mixing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 major mesenteries

A

greater omentum
lesser omentum
mesentery proper
mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

fxn of mesentery (3)

A

access route for blood vessels
anchor organs
store fat for cushioning&energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enteric Nervous System

  1. where?
  2. does what?
  3. Detected by?
A
  1. submucosal & myenteric plexuses
  2. short reflexes
  3. mechanoreceptors & chemoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Central Nervous System

  1. does what?
  2. stimuli?
A
  1. long reflexes

2. input from higher brain areas that influence enteric NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

serosa vs adventitia

A

serosa=peritoneum lining abd. wall

adventitia= CT covering organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 ways to regulate digestion

A
  1. enteric NS
  2. central NS
  3. hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

mastication

A

aka chewing

increase surface area of food & mix w/ saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 multicellular salivary glands

A
  1. parotid
  2. sublingual
  3. submandibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 components of saliva & fxn of each

A

salivary amylase-breakdown starch
lysozyme-kill bacteria
lingual lipase-digest triglycerides
mucus -lube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

lingual lipase

  1. activated where?
  2. does what?
A
  1. activated in stomach

2. digestes triglycerides into monoglycerides & fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what controls salivation & location

A

salivary nuclei in medulla & pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pharynx structure

A

epithelium & muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube from sup. esophageal sphincter to inf. esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inferior esophageal sphincter

A

end of esophagus @ opening of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
esophageal hiatus
opening in diaphragm where esophagus passes through
26
pyloris
narrow funnel at end of stomach
27
gastric epithelium 1. structure 2. fxn
1. surface mucus cells above gastric pits | 2. secrete alkaline mucus to protect stomach lining
28
cells of gastric pits & secretions (5)
1. surface mucous cells-alkaline mucus 2. mucus neck cell-add fluid w/ mucin 3. parietal cells- intrinsic factor & hydrochloric acid 4. chief cells- pepsinogen & gastric lipase 5. G-cells- enteroendocrine hormones into blood not pit
29
hydrochloric acid fxns (3) | secreted by?
1. HCl- kills microbes, denatures prtns, activates pepsinogen & lingual lipase 2. parietal cells
30
intrinsic factor | secreted by?
needed for Vit B12 absorption | parietal cells
31
pepsinogen secrete by? fxn?
chief cells activates pepsin to digest proteins
32
gastric lipase secreted by? fxn?
chief cells digest fats/triglycerides
33
gastrin 1. secreted by? 2. secreted to where? 3. stimulus? 4. fxn?
1. G cell 2. blood 3. protein in stomach 4. .stimulates HCl secretion & inhibits gastric emptying
34
2 types of gastric motility
1. mixing aka churning to make chyme | 2. emptying thru pyloric sphincter to duodenum
35
cholecystokinin 1. secreted by? 2. stimulus
1. duodenal enteroendocrine cells | 2. amino &fatty acids in duodenum
36
secretin 1. secreted by? 2. stimulus?
1. duodenal enteroendocrine cells | 2. low pH of chyme in small intestines
37
hormones secreted by duodenal enteroendocrine cells
secretin | cholecystokinin
38
intestinal reflex 1. stimulus 2. fxn
1. acidic chyme in duodenum | 2. slows gastric motility & secretion
39
3 phases of gastric activity
1. cephalic phase 2. gastric phase 3. intestinal phase
40
cephalic phase 1. controlled by? 2. causes?
1. in head--want to eat-- parasymp stimulation | 2. gastric gland start secreting & muscular is starts churning
41
2 parts of gastric phase
gastric reflex | gastrin secretion
42
gastric reflex stimuli (2)
distention of stomach | presence of proteins or increased pH
43
effects of gastric reflex (2)
increased gastric gland secretion & motility | pH decreases causes more peristalsis
44
gastrin secretion 1. stimulus 2. effect
1. protein ins stomach | 2. HCl secretion & inhibits gastric emptying
45
intestinal reflex 1. stimulus 2. effect
1. acidic chyme in duodenum | 2. decrease gastric secretion & motility
46
intestinal phase: hormonal effect 1. secreted by? 2. whats secreted? 3. effect?
1. duodenal enteroendocrine cells 2. secretin & cholecystokinin 3. inhibit gastric secretion & motility
47
main goal of intestinal phase
SLOW DOWN
48
hepatic triad
bile duct hepatic portal vein hepatic artery
49
organization of hepatocytes
hepatocytes make up lobule | each lobule surrounds central vein
50
oxygenated blood flow through liver
hepatic artery→sinusoidal caps -→central hepatic veins→inf. vena cava
51
bile contains....
water, ions, bilirubin, cholesterol, bile salts
52
uses of bile (3)
emulsification of fats assist w/ absorption of fats excrete wastes
53
flow of bile from hepatocytes
hepatocytes →bile caniculi→bile ducts →bile ducts→R/L hepatic ducts →common hepatic duct: cystic duct to gallbladder OR hepatopancreatic sphincter to duodenum
54
4 enzymes secreted by acinar cells
1. pancreatic amylase 2. pancreatic lipase 3. nucleases 4. pancreatic proteases
55
fxn of pancreatic amylase
break down starch → oligosaccharides & disaccharides
56
fxn of pancreatic lipase
break down triglycerides →monoglycerides & fatty acids
57
fxn of pancreatic nucleases
break down nucleic acids → nucleotides
58
``` pancreatic proteases (3) & fxn ```
trypsinogen, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase breakdown proteins&oligopeptides →smaller peptides & amino acids
59
what activates typsinogen
enteropeptidase → trypsin
60
what activates chymotrypsin & carboxypeptidase
trypsin
61
3 effects of CCK
1. contraction of gallbladder to release bile 2. relaxing hepatopancreatic sphincter 3. stimulate acinar cells for enzyme secretion
62
secretin 1. stimulus 2. effects (3)
1. low pH of chyme in duodenum 2. pancreatic duct cells secrete bicarbonate hepatocytes secrete bile inhibit gastric secretion & motility
63
fxn of microvilli
brush boarder | secrete enzymes for final digestion steps
64
goblet cell fxn
produce mucin to protect intestinal lining
65
brush boarder enzymes for 1. carbs 2. proteins 3. nucleotides
1. maltase, lactase, sucrase, dextrinase, glucomerase 2. peptidases 3. nucleosidases &phosphatases
66
micelles
small fat droplet coated in bile salts & pancreatic lipase
67
absorption of fat
micelles →absorptive cells | bile salts stay behind & fat is absorbed and reassembled to chylomicrons that moved →lacteals
68
chylomicron
triglyceride wrapped in a protein
69
intestinal crypt 1. structure 2. fxn
1. simple columnar epithelium dips down into lamina propria | 2. enteroendocrine gland that secretes CCK & secretin
70
duodenal glands 1. structure 2. fxn
1. deep in submucosa | 2. secrete alkaline mucus to buffer chyme & buffer enzymes
71
what controls peristalsis & segmentation
pacemaker cells in myenteric plexus set constant rhythm
72
2 peristaltic reflexes | & stimulus
gastroenteric &gastroileal reflex | stomach distention
73
gastroenteric reflex fxn
increase peristalsis
74
gastroileal reflex fxn
relax ileocecal valve
75
4 Fxns of Large intestines
1. absorb water, electrolytes, vitamins 2. compact chyme to feces 3. store feces 4. eliminate feces
76
structure of large intestines
thin walls, large diameter no vili lots of goblet cells for lube
77
haustrum
sacs in lrg intestines
78
teniae coli
smooth muscle that works like waste band to make haustra
79
gastrocholic reflex 1. stimulus 2. effect
1. stomach distention | 2. mass movement--strong 15 min contractions
80
defication | 2 stimuli
1. spinal reflex from feces in rectum b/c mass movement | 2. voluntary control of pooping

A&P test 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions