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Embryology BLOCK 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

what forms the epithelial cells and glands in the gut

A

the endoderm of the primordial gut

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2
Q

early n development what does the epithelial lining of the gut do

A

proliferates and obliterates the lumen

RECANALIZATION

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3
Q

what is the epithelium of the cranial and caudal end of the gut derived from

A

ectoderm of the stomadeum and proctodeum

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4
Q 
pharynx
lower respiratory
esophagus and stomach
duodenum
liver 
and pancreas came from what gut
A

foregut

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5
Q

foregut is supplies by what artery

A

celiac trunk

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6
Q

what forms the folds that separate the esophagus from the trachea?

A

tracheoesophageal folds, later become the tracheoesophageal septum

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7
Q

what week does esophagus reach its final lenght

A

week 7

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8
Q

when does recanalization occur in the esophagus

A

week 8

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9
Q

striated muscle fo the esophagus is derived from what

A

mesenchyme of caudal pharyngeal arches

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10
Q

smooth muscle of the esophagus is derived from what

A

splanchnic mesenchyme

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11
Q

what are the muscles of the esophagus innervated by

A

CN 10 (vagus)

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12
Q

Esophageal Artresia

A

when there is an opening between esophagus and trachea

Esophagus ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to stomach

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13
Q

in 85% of the cases what also goes along with Esophageal Artresia

A

TEF

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14
Q

what percent of people ave congenital defects as well as esophageal atresia that are associated with VACTERL

A

33%

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15
Q

VACTERL

A 
V- vertebral defects
A- anal atresia
C- Cardiovascular Defects
TE- TEF
R- renal defects
L- limb (upper) defects
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16
Q

esophageal atresia results in the fetus not being able to swallow AMF leading to what?

A

polyhydraminos

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17
Q

I cant pass a catheter to the stomach through the esophagus, why?

A

esophageal atresia

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18
Q

esophageal stenosis

A

lumen narrows in the middle region and there is a threadlike lumen, during week 8 recanalization was supposed to be complete

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19
Q

esophageal duplication

A

starts as a cyst that is usually found on the lower esophagus, they can protrude into posterior mediastinum

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20
Q

in vascular compression of the esophagus, what usually blocks the esophagus

A

the right subclavian artery (abnormal origin)

- passes behind the esophagus and can cause dysphagia

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21
Q

what part of the stomach grows faster

A

dorsal portion has greater curvature

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22
Q

how much does the stomach rotate

A

90 degrees

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23
Q

stomach in innervated by?

A

right CN 10 dorsal

left CN 10 ventral

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24
Q

dorsal mensetary of stomach in clock wise rotation goes where and forms what

A

to the left and forms the greater omentum

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25
what comes from visceral mesoderm in the stomach
muscularis layers lamina propria submucosa mucosa muscularis
26
congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
thickening of the pylorus circular and longitudinal muscles of the pyloric region are hypertrophic and narrow the lumen and obstruct food passage
27
effects of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- projectile vomiting | - small palpable mass on the right side of body
28
children who have been exposed the antibiotic erythromycin get
congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
29
how to treat congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
pyloroyotomy
30
dudoenum develops from what
caudal end of forgut and crania end of midgut and their splancnic mesenchyme
31
what supplies the duodenum
celiac and SMA
32
duodenal stenosis | what are the effects
partly occluded lumen because of failure of recanalization , stomach contents containing bile are thrown up
33
duodenal atreia? what happens because of it? were is the blockage?
complete occlusion of the lumen! blockage occurs where the bile and main pancreatic duct are. (hepatopancreatic Ampulla) - omitting starts after birth and always has bile
34
liver, gallbladder, and bile duct system come from where
distal part of forgut-hepatic diverticulum
35
septum transversum is the primordia for what
esophagus
36
congenital malformations of the liver are..
rare
37
what is known to stretch the septum transversum to form the ventral mesentery that consist of the falsiform ligament and the lesser omentum?
liver
38
what becomes ligamentum of teres
left umbilical vein
39
what is in the hepatodudoenal lig
bile duct portal vein hepatic artery (portal triad)
40
week 5-10 what happens to liver
fast growth
41
week 6 what happens to liver
hematopoiesis starts (makes liver bright red)
42
week 12 what happens to the liver
bile formation starts
43
hepatic diverticulum has a connection to te forgut that narrows and becomes..
bile duct
44
week 13 what happens in the duodenum
the bile duct enters it and gives mesconium green color (first poo)
45
biliary atresia what present with tis
ducts are replaced by fibrotic tissue -jaundice is seen with this and clay color stool -dark urine(bile goes to the urine)
46
avg. survival time w/o treatment of bile atresia
12-19 months
47
what is the treatment for bile atresia
Kasai hepatoportoenterostomy (liver transplant of a lobe from mom)
48
what causes dorsal and ventral buds of pancreas to fuse
rotation of the duodenum
49
what forms the ucinate proccess and the head of the pancreas
ventral pancreatic bud
50
surroundingc.t and vascular components of the pancreas come from where
visceral mesoderm
51
what happens in week 10 for the pancreas
insulin production begins
52
what are the four pancreatic cells
aplha-glucogon beta-insulin delta-somatostatin pp cells- pancreatic polypeptide
53
annular pancreas
there is a ring of pancreatic tissue around the duodenum double bouble sign-dilation of stomach and dudoenum
54
pancreas divisum
have two pancreatic ducts, dorsal and ventral instead of one
55
hyperplasia of pancreatic islets at risk? results?
when fetus is exposed to high blood glucose it cause hyperplasia and insulin secretion , increasing fat and glycogen in fetal tissue -babies with diabetic mommy - increased birth weight (macrosomia) - episodes of hypoglycemia
56
derivatives of the midgut are
-small i. -disal duodenum -cecum appendix
57
there is a physiological hernia in the umbilical region until when
week 10
58
caudal limb of midgut forms? | cranial limb?
- cecum swelling | - small intestine loops
59
midgut loops around what
SMA
60
congenital omphalocele
abdominal contents herniate through umpilical ring and are covered by smooth layer called peritoneum
61
kids with congenitla opmhalocele have what else
lung and thoracic hypoplasia, too small
62
trisomony 18 and 21 are associated with
congenital omphalocele
63
umbilical herniation
intestines herniate thrugh umbilicus it is a protruding mass that pushes out when the baby cries, coughs,
64
gastroschisis
congenital abdominal wall defect (float in amniotic fluid) -abdominal viscer are outside with no covering, the vicera are thick and have many adhesions
65
meckel's diverticulum
remnant of vitelline duct - outpouching of the ileum - can have gastric and pancreatic tissues - 40-50 cm from iliocecal junction
66
urorectal septum develops wher
between allantois and hindgut
67
week 7 what happens to urorectal septum
joins the cloacle membrane separating into anal membrane and urogenital membrane
68
anal membrane ruptures when
week 7
69
what happens at the white line in the anus
turns from columnar to stratified squamous
70
anal canal supplied by what
superior rectal artery ( comes from IMA)
71
what is the most common cause of neonatal obstructon of the colon
hirsprung disease
72
imperforate anus
abnormal development of the urorectal septum opening of the anus is blocked
73
membranous atresia of anous
small membrane is covering the opening of the anus (blue color from meconium)

Embryology BLOCK 2 (4 decks)

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