Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards
(108 cards)
0
Q
The line in the middle of the tounge represents what
A
Where the mesoderm fused together
1
Q
How many pharyngeal arches are there at birth, how many befor birth
A
5,6
2
Q
Which is the only groove that is left open to form the external ear
A
Groove 1
3
Q
What forms pharyngeal arches
A
Mesoderm and neuro crest cells
4
Q
What differentiates into muscles and arteries
A
Mesoderm
5
Q
What differentiates into connective tissue and bone
A
Neural crest cells
6
Q
By the end of what week will you see 4 pharyngeal arches
A
Week 4
7
Q
What are the engaging ions of the endoderm that lines the forgot
A
Pharyngeal pouches
8
Q
What are the engaging tons of ectoderm
A
Pharyngeal grooves
9
Q
What are the structures that consist of ectoderm, mesoderm and neural crest and endoderm located between each pharyngeal arch
A
Pharyngeal membranes
10
Q
The first pharyngeal arch becomes what two prominences
A
Mandibular arch and maxillary arch
11
Q
What is the mandible, squamous temporal bone
A
Mandibular prominence
12
Q
The second pharyngeal arch or hyoid arch contributes with the third and fourth arch to form what
A
The hyoid bone
13
Q
Stomodeum
A
Future mouth
14
Q
What separates the stomodeum from the primordial pharynx
A
Oropharyngeal membrane
15
Q
What comes together to form the mouth
A
Ectoderm and endoderm
16
Q
What arises from the truncus arteriousus of the primordial for the heart and goes to the aorta
A
Artery
17
Q
What goes from skeleton to arch
A
Cartilage
18
Q
What differntiaties into muscle of head and neck
A
Muscular component
19
Q
If you have four pharyngeal arches how old are you
A
32 weeks in development
20
Q
What is the dorsal end of the first pharyngeal arch cartilage
A
Meckel cartilage
21
Q
What is meckel cartilage related too
A
Developing ear
22
Q
The malus and incus (middle ear bones) develop from what
A
The meckel cartilage in the first pharyngeal arch
23
Q
When does the meckel cartilage disappear
A
When mandible develops around it by intra membranous ossification
24
What is the second pharyngeal arch cartilage called
Reichert cartilage
25
What gives rise to the stapes of the middle ear and the styloid process of the temporal bone
Reichert cartilage
26
The third pharyngeal arch cartilage ossifies to form what
The greater Cornu and the inferior part of the hyoid bone
27
The fascia skin is supplied by what nerve
CN 5 - trigeminal nerve
28
Nerve for first arch
Trigeminal nerve cn5
29
Nerve for 2nd arch
Cn 7 fascial nerve
30
Third arch has what nerve
Cn 9 glossopharyngeal nerve
31
What supplies the 4th pharyngeal arch
Cn 10 vagus nerve
32
What is the principle sensory nerve for the head and neck
Trigeminal nerve (5)
33
What does the trigeminal nerve innervate
```
Face
Teeth
Mucous membrane of nasal cavities
Palate
Mouth
Tounge
```
34
Muscles of fascial expression are innervated by what nerve
Cn 7 2nd arch
35
The distal part of the first pharyngeal pouch In contact with the first pharyngeal groove will give origin to what
Tympanic membrane
36
The first pharyngeal pouch expands into what
Tubotympanic recess
37
The cavity of the tubotympanic recess becomes what
Tympanic cavity and mastoid Antrum
38
The thymus developed from what and is derived form what
- epithelial cells
| - endoderm and 3rd arch
39
Is the thymus completely grown at birth
No
40
What does the thymus secrete
Thymic hormones and thymocytes ( future T cells)
41
The connection of the fourth pharyngeal pouch and pharynx does what
Degenerates
42
When do the superior parathyroid glands form
Week 6
43
Parathyroid regulates what
Fetal calcium metabolisim
44
What is the first endocrine gland to develop in an embryo
Thyroid gland
45
How soon does the thyroid gland begin to develop
24 days after fertilization
46
What is the connection between tounge and the thyroid
Thyroglobulin duct
47
Right and left lobes of the solid mass of cells of thymus is connected to what
Isthmus of the thyroid
48
Part of the thyroglossal duct persists as what
Foremen cecum
49
Thyroglossal duct cysts
Remnant persists and forms a cyst on the tounge usually under the hyoid bone
50
Lingual cyst
Cyst located at the base of the tounge
51
If the mass is connected to the thyroid duct then how will it move
Up and down
52
Branchial or Pharyngeal Fistula
An abnormal canal that opens internally into the tonsilar sinus and externally on the side of the neck
Along sternocleidomastoid muscle
53
Branchial cyst
This is where there is a remnant of the second pharyngeal groove. This cyst will enlarge due to accumulation of fluid or cellular debris, it is painless
54
Branchial vestiges
This is when the pharyngeal cartilages fail to disappear and they can appear under the skin or on the side of the neck
55
First arch syndrome
This is when there are anomalies of the ears eyes mandible and plate. This is due to the insufficient migration of neural crest cells into the first arch
56
Two kinds of first arch syndrome
Treacher Collins
| Pierre Robin Syndrome
57
Treacher Collins
Defects of the lower eyelids and deformed external ears, has very smal mandible.
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT GENE( needs 1)
58
Pierre robin syndrome
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE (needs 2)
Bilateral cleft lip
Defects of ear and eye
Hypoplasia of mandible
59
What is the tounge innervated by
Cranial nerves
| 5,7,9 ,10
60
Upper hyoid bone comes from
Second arch
61
Lower hyoid bone comes from
3rd arch
62
DiGeorge Syndrome
Third and fourth pharyngeal arches fail to differentiate into thymus and parathyroid glands. Fascial anomalies look like first arch syndrome.
There are cardiovascular anomalies due to abnormal neural crest cell migration
Immune deficient because of absence of thymus
Hypocalcemia due to parathyroid glands missing
63
In what syndrome will you see congenital hypoparathyroidism and anomalies of the moth (fish mouth) low set notched ears, nasal clears, and cardiac abnormalities
DiGeorge syndrome
64
Ectopic parathyroid glands are seen where
Near carotid arteries or in the thorax
65
Parathyroid glands are usually where
Near or within the thyroid gland and thymus
66
When does congenital hypothyroidism occur
When there is a thyroid deficiency during early fetal period because if a lack of dietary iodine
67
In developed worlds what is known to detect congenital hyperthyroidism
Newborn screening program based on the measurement of TSH on the 2nd or 3rd day of life
68
What is congenital hypothyroidism characterized by
Dry, rough skin and widest eyes and a flat broad nose and large protuberant tounge
69
What are the two portions of the tounge in early stages of development
Oral part and pharyngeal part
70
What separates the two parts of the tounge
Terminal sulcus ( v shaped depression)
71
Oral part of the tounge forms from what
Median tongue bud
72
What do the two distal tongue buds develop
The floor of the pharynx that is associated with the first pharyngeal arch
73
Median sulcus
Where the distal tongue buds fuse with the median tongue buds
74
What four things characterize the tounge
- filiform papillae (no taste buds)
- fungriform papillae ( taste buds)
- Foliate papillae ( taste buds)
- circumvallate papillae (taste buds)
75
General sensation of the tounge come from
Cn 5
76
Taste sensation comes form the
Fascial nerve
77
What innervated the tongue muscles as they develop
Cn 7 hypoglossal nerve
78
Pharyngeal part of the tounge forms what
Copula and hypo pharyngeal eminence
79
What overviews the copula eliminating contribution of pharyngeal arch 2 in forming s definit adult toung
Hypo pharyngeal eminence
80
Terminal sulcus
The line of fusion between oral and pharyngeal parts of the tounge
81
What are some congenital anomalies of the tongue
- fissuring of the tounge
- macroglossia- large
- microglossia-little
Hypertrophy of lingual papillae
82
Congenital lingual cyst and fistula scan produce what
Discomfort or dysphasia
83
Macroglossia is a common symptom of what
Down's syndrome
84
What does the lingual frenulum do
Connects the inferior surface of the toung to the floor of the mouth
85
Ankyloglossia
When the lingual frenulum is short and connects to the type of the tounge can inhibit breast feeding
86
Bindi or cleft tongue ( glossoschisis)
Incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings resulting in a deep midline groove.
Uncommon
87
When does the primordial for the face appear
Week 4
88
What are the five fascial primordial
- 1 frontonasal prominence
- 2 maxillary prominences
- 2 mandibukar prominences
89
Nasal places ( bi lateral endodermal thickenings) invaginate into the mesoderm to form what
Nasal pits, producing the ridge that forms the medial nasal prominence and the lateral nasal prominence
90
What forms between the maxillary prominence and the lateral nasal prominence
Nasolacrimal groove
91
What are the two stages that the palate develops into
Primary palate and secondary palate
92
The intermaxillary segment forms the
Primary palate, philtrum and four incisor teeth
93
The secondary palate forms form what
The outgrowths of the maxillary prominences called palatine shelves
94
Where do the primary and secondary palates form to fuse into the definite palate
At the incisive foramen
95
Bone in the mouth does not develop where
Posterior part of secondary palate where the soft palate and uvula are
96
What fuses with the definite palate and develops from the medial nasal prominences
Nasal septum
97
What is the most common craniofascial anomaly
The cleft lip and cleft palate
98
What is it called when palatine shelves fail to fuse with primary palate
Anterior cleft anomalies
99
What is it called when the palatine shelves fail to fuse with each Other and with the nasal septum
Posterior cleft palate
100
Combination of anterior cleft anomalies and posterior cleft palate is called
Anteroposterior cleft plate
101
What is the most common congenital malformation of the head and neck
Unilateral cleft palate
102
When the maximally prominence fails to fuse with the medial nasal prominence it is called
And also if the neural crest cells and underlying mesoderm fail to expand resulting in a persistent landslide groove
Unilateral cleft lip
103
When the mesenchymal masses in both maxillary prominences fail to meet with the medial nasal prominences it's called
Bilateral cleft lip
104
Bilateral cleft lip affects what oral muscles that allows one to open and close the moth
Orbicularis oris muscle
105
What is known as the maximum degree of clefting
Complete cleft palate
106
What cause is it that the cleft extends through the soft palate and the incisive fosa
Complete cleft lip
107
When can fetal face be identified in a sonography? So you can see if they have cleft lip
2nd trimester
