Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Life science > Digestive System And The Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Digestive System And The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the disorders of the digestive system?

A

* Malnutrition
* Obesity
* Tooth decay
* Diabetes
* Constipation
* Ulcers
* Diarrhoea
* Bowel habits

* Anorexia nervosa

* Liver Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is malnutrition?

A

There are two types. It is a condition resulting from a lack of nutrients that are required for a healthy growth. Nutrients are lacking or too high in quantities or wrong proportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is overnutrition?

A

Too much food is consumed. For example diabetes and obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is under nutrition?

A

Too little food is consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is obesity?

A

A medical condition of having excessive amount of body fat caused eating too much or little exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is tooth decay?

A

Too much sugar intake and poor oral hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is type two Diabetes?

A

Occurs when the body is not able to control the amount of sugar in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is type two diabetes caused by?

A

Can be inherited
Caused by eating too much sugar
Living an inactive lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is constipation?

A

A condition in which bowel movements occur less frequently and consists of hard and dry stools. Stools become hard and are difficult to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does constipation occur?

A

When one does not consume enough fibre and little water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can chronic constipation lead to?

A

It leads to haemorrhoids and colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are ulcers?

A

Sores in the lining of the mouth and intestines. It is the result of wounds that do not heal properly. May be vitamin C deficiency. Breaks in skin or mucus in membrane. Stomach, mouth and intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is diarrhoea?

A

A condition where a person has more than five bowl movements of watery stools per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can diarrhoea be caused by?

A

Artificial sweeteners and other additives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define additives

A

Chemical substances that make food last longer and add flavour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can eating large meals lead to?

A

A change in bowel habits. The urge to have bowel movements does not happen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another name for the alimentary canal?

A

The gastrointestinal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Made up of all the organs that play a role in digestion. It includes the alimentary canal and the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define alimentary canal

A

The structures that food passes through. Food needs to be broken down into smaller particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many processes take place in the digestive system?

A

4 processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the process of the digestive system?

A

Ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ingestion?

A

The intake of food by biting, chewing and swallowing. It occurs in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is digestion?

A

Mechanical and chemical process that converts large complex insoluble foods into simple soluble nutrients. Break down of food into a form that can be absorbed. Occurs in stomach and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is absorption?

A

Occur when soluble nutrients are taken up by the bloodstream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
How are nutrients and water dissolved in absorption?
By diffusion
26
What happens in the small intestine during absorption?
Good particles are broken down by digestion and are ready to be absorbed. Inner wall of small intestine
27
What happens with the villi and absorption?
Inner wall of small intestine is covered with millions of small villi (finger like projection). Villi contain blood vessels which absorb the digested nutrients. Nutrients are now transported into bloodstream to blood cells
28
What is egestion?
Occurs when undigested food materials called faeces are passed out of the body through the anus. Ingested food from alimentary canal
29
What are the digestive organs?
1. Mouth 2. Pharynx 3. Oesophagus 4. Stomach 5. Duodenum 6. Small intestine 7. Large intestine 8. Rectum 9. Anus
30
What process of digestion takes place in the mouth?
Ingestion
31
What happens in the mouth?
Teeth and tongue crash and mash food. The mouth helps to mix the food with saliva and swallow
32
Define saliva
Liquid secreted into the mouth by salivary glands
33
What are the functions of the mouth?
* Teeth break down the food into smaller pieces, which increases the surface area for attachment of chemicals, which further digest food * Tongue and palate rolls to eat food into a small ball which is called Bollus. This makes swallowing easier
34
What happens in the pharynx?
Common area for both the digestive and respiratory system
35
What happens in the oesophagus?
Walls of the oesophagus and the rest of the canal a build up of muscle layers. The muscle layers contract and relax rhythmically in order to push food through the elementary canal. This movement is called peristalsis. It is a muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach
36
Define pertistalsis
Rhythmic contraction of the muscle layers in the digestive canal that push food forward
37
What are the functions of the oesophagus?
* Transport food from the mouth to the stomach in the process of peristalsis
38
What happens in the stomach?
Thick muscular walls contract in turn the stomach contents. It is a muscular organ. Movement break up the food into smaller parts for enzymes. It is secreted by the lining of the elementary canal to help break down food
39
What process of diegstion takes place in the stomach?
Digestion
40
Define enzymes
Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
41
What is the function of the stomach?
* Peristalsis occurs in many different directions. This further breaks down food * Complex in soluble food converted into simple soluble substances
42
What processes of digestion takes place in the small intestine?
Digestion and absorption
43
What happens in the small intestine?
* Intestinal glands secrete intestinal juice which contains different enzymes. The enzymes break down the food into substances that can be absorbed. * Walls are lined with millions of violet that absorb nutrients. * It is a long muscular tube
44
What is the function of the small intestine?
* Digestion is completed here * Absorption occurs here and absorbs the nutrients
45
What happens in the large intestine and the colon?
* Absorbs water from waste back into the blood. Waste material becomes more compact and form stores or faeces * Mucus glands secrete mucus that makes the store smooth and easily removed * Colons store waste before egested * The rectum is the last part
46
What is the function of the large intestine?
* Nutrients and water are absorbed * Faeces temporarily stored in the rectum
47
What happens in the liver?
* Largest gland in the body * Break down substances to form bile which assist in digestion process and stored in gallbladder
48
What's process of digestion takes place in the large intestine?
Absorption
49
What happens in the rectum?
Stores are temporarily stored before egested
50
What happens in the anus?
End opening of the digestive system. Wastes are egested. Opening through which faeces leave the body
51
What process of digestion takes place in the anus?
Egestion
52
Define diffusion
A process during which substances (nutrients) move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
53
Define assimilation
Dissolved nutrients into the cells by diffusion
54
Where do you nutrients move from and to and during diffusion?
Nutrients move from the small intestine into the blood capillaries by diffusion during absorption
55
What are the two types of digestion?
Mechanical and chemical digestion
56
Define mechanical digestion
Large food particles are mechanic be broken down into small pieces. It is large insoluble complex substances to small substances. It is the physical breakdown of food by crushing, mashing and churning
57
Where does mechanical digestions take place?
It takes place in the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and small intestine
58
What happens in the mouth in terms of mechanical digestion?
The teeth physically break down crush and mash food. Tongue pushes food under the teeth and answer the palate which breaks food into small pieces
59
What happens in the oesophagus in terms of mechanical digestion?
Peristalsis occurs here. It is contraction and relaxation. Pastel take wave takes place
60
What takes place in the stomach in terms of mechanical digestion?
Turning movement of walls break down the food into smaller pieces. Peristalsis occur is here and it occurs in all directions. The Paris Deltic movement in the alimentary canal pushes the food forward and helps break down the food even further
61
What takes place in the small intestine in terms of chemical digestions?
The bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets
62
What is the function of mechanical digestion?
Breaks down food into smaller pieces
63
What is the significance of mechanical digestion?
* The surface area is increased as it breaks down the food into smaller pieces
64
Does the increase of area of nutrients make chemical digestion more efficient?
1. Faster process 2. More product is produced
65
Define chemical digestion
Small particles are chemically altered into nutrients. Breakdown of food into nutrients by means of chemical reactions which is broken down by enzymes
66
What happens to the food during chemical digestion?
Insoluble food into simple soluble nutrients
67
Where does chemical digestions take place?
It takes place in the mouth, stomach and small intestine
68
What happens in the mouth in terms of chemical digestions?
Saliva re gland secrete saliva which contains enzymes which breaks down starch and therefore chemical digestions starts
69
What happens in the stomach in terms of chemical digestion?
Hydrochloric acid is a digestive juice secreted by glands in the lining of the stomach. It contains enzymes which chemically out of food particles in the substances that are soluble in water and unable to be a absorbed into the bloodstream
70
Define soluble
Nutrients dissolved in water
71
Why does the nutrients in the stomach have to be soluble?
It needs to be soluble as it cannot get into the cells
72
What do enzymes speed up the conversion of?
Enzymes speed up conversions of complex in soluble substances into so simple soluble nutrients
73
What takes place in the small intestine in terms of chemical digestion?
Enzymes are secreted by intestinal glands
74
Why is there such as a digestive system?
It breaks down food into dissolved nutrients which can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the cells
75
Define nutrients
And ingredient which nourishes the body. For example glucose
76
What can stomach ulcers because by?
By bacteria
77
What is anorexia nervosa?
It is an eating disorder which causes people to obsess about the food they eat. It is the fear of gaining weight.
78
What does a person that suffers from anorexia nervosa do to maintain or loose weight?
They may starve themselves or exercise excessively
79
Define faeces
Waste material which is excreted through the anus
80
What can diarrhoea because by?
It may be caused by drinking water contaminated with bacteria
81
What is liver Cirrhosis?
It was the disease of the liver where the liver tissue is replaced with abnormal nodules or connective tissue
82
What is liver cirrhosis caused by?
Drinking too much alcohol
83
Why should digestion occur?
Break down food into a form that can be absorbed and soluble in water
84
What does increased surface area allow?
Increase surface area allows for greater attachment of enzymes for chemical digestion which makes chemical digestion more efficient

Life science (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions