Digestive System I Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
Associated glands of digestive system
A
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Pancreas
2
Q
4 parts of oral cavity
A
- Lips
- Palates
- Tongue
- Teeth
3
Q
4 main layers of GI
A
- Tunica mucosa
- Tunica submucosa
- Tunica muscularis
- Tunica serosa
4
Q
Tunica mucosa aka?
A
Mucosal membranes
5
Q
Tunica mucosa
A
Innermost layer
6
Q
3 sublayers of tunica mucosa
A
- Epithelial lining
- Lamina propria
- Muscularis mucosae
7
Q
Cells of epithelial lining
A
Stratified +/- keratin
8
Q
Lamina propria is made of?
A
Loose CT
9
Q
Muscularis mucosae is made of?
A
Smooth muscle
10
Q
Tunica submucase consists of?
A
- Dense irregular CT
- Blood vessels
- Lymph vessels
- Nerve plexus (Miessner)
11
Q
Miessner
A
Nerve plexus located in tunica submucosa
12
Q
Tunica submucosa may contain?
A
- Glands
2. Lymphatic tissue
13
Q
Tunica muscularis aka?
A
Muscularis externa
14
Q
Tunica muscularis contains?
A
Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
15
Q
CT between inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers of tunica muscularis contains?
A
- Blood vessels
- Lymph nodes
- Nerve plexus (myenteric)
16
Q
Myenteric nerve plexus located?
A
Between inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of tunica muscularis
17
Q
ENS stands for?
A
Enteric nervous system
18
Q
What forms ENS?
A
- Miessner’s nerve plexus
2. Mysenteric nerve plexus
19
Q
“Second brain” is the?
A
ENS
20
Q
ENS has?
A
Autonomous function
21
Q
ENS innervation
A
Some from ANS, but operates independently of brain and spinal cord
22
Q
Tunica serosa
A
Thin layer of loose CT
Rich in blood vessels, lymph vessels and adipose tissue
23
Q
Tunica serosa is covered by?
A
Mesothelium
24
Q
Mesothelium cells
A
Simple squamous epithelium
25
Covering of intraperitoneal organs
Mesothelium
26
Covering of retroperitoneal organs
Tunica adventitia
27
Lips are?
Folds of fibroelastic and skeletal tissue at entrance to GI tract
28
3 surfaces of lips
1. Skin
2. Oral mucosa
3. Muco-cutaneous junction
29
Lip skin cells
Stratified squamous +/- keratinization
30
Oral mucosa cells in pigs and carnivores
Non-keratinized
31
Oral mucosa cells in ruminants and horses
Keratinized
32
Core of lips has?
Skeletal muscle
33
Orbucluaris oris m.
Skeletal muscle in core of lips
34
2 types of palates
1. Hard palate
| 2. Soft palate
35
What is hard palate?
Bony roof of mouth
36
Hard palate covered by?
Mucuosa (stratified squamous epithelium with keratin)
37
Hard palate texture
Ridged (rugae)
38
Dental pads
Thick keratin layer in hard palate of ruminants
39
Soft palate is?
Posterior fibrous and muscular extension of hard palate
40
Soft palate separates?
Oral cavity from nasopharynx
41
Tongue is?
Mass of striated muscle
42
Tongue fibers oriented?
All directions
43
Dorsal surface of tongue
Tonsils and papillae
44
Ventral surface of tongue
Typical mucosa
45
Lyssa is?
Cordlike structure extending along ventral midline of tongue
46
Lyssa is well developed in?
Carnivores
47
Lyssa consists of?
1. Dense collagenous tissue
2. Fat
3. Skeletal m.
4. Sometimes cartilage
48
4 types of tongue papillae
1. Filiform
2. Fungiform
3. Vallate
4. Foliate
49
Only non-gustatory papillae
Filiform
50
Filiform papillae
Fairly small, cover most of surface
51
Filiform papillae shape
Elongated conical
52
Filiform papillae keratinization
Heavily keratinized
53
Filiform papillae function
Provide friction to help move food
54
Fungiform papillae
Larger, less common (interspersed among filiform p.)
55
Fungiform papillae shape
Mushrom
56
Funigofrm papillae keratinization
Lightly keratinized
57
Taste buds on fungiform papillae
Few
58
Foliate papillae
Several parallel ridges on each side of tongue
59
Foliate papillae keratinization
Non-keratinized epithelium
60
Foliate papillae shape
Leaf-shaped
61
Taste buds on foliate papillae
Few
62
Glands of foliate papillae
Gustatory
63
Gustatory glands open into?
Sulcus of foliate and vallate papillae
64
Gustator glands aka?
Ebner's glands
65
Foliate papillae are commonly seen in what animals?
1. Rabbits
| 2. Hares
66
Vallate papillae aka?
Circumvallate p.
67
Largest papillae
Vallate papillae
68
How are vallate papillae arranged?
8-12 arranged in pairs
69
Vallate papillae shape
Round
70
Vallate papillae are surrounded by?
Deep furrow (moat)
71
Papillae with most taste buds?
Vallate papillae
72
Vallate papillae glands
Gustatory glands
73
Taste buds are?
Ovoid intraepithelial cell masses
74
Taste buds extend from ? and open through?
Basement membrane → open through taste pore at surface
75
3 taste bud cell types
1. Sustenacular cells
2. Gustator cells
3. Basal cells
76
All taste bud have?
Microvilli
77
How are microvilli "taste hairs"?
Extend into taste pore
78
If you hear sustenacular cells, you should think?
Supporting
79
Basal cells are?
Germinal → can become sensory or gustatory
80
Each taste bud has ___ cells?
50-100
81
Taste buds detect 5 categories of tastans
1. Salty
2. Sour
3. Sweet
4. Bitter
5. Umami
82
What tastes salty?
Sodium ions
83
What tastes soure?
Hydrogen ions from acids
84
What tastes sweet?
Alkaloids and certain toxins
85
What tastes bitter?
Alkaloids and certain toxins
86
What taste umami?
AAs like glutamate
87
Dogs can detect what tastants?
1. Salt
2. Sour
3. Sweet
4. Bitter
5. Neutral (water)
88
Brachy means?
Short
89
Brachydont growth
No growth after completion of eruption
90
Parts of brachydont
1. Crown
2. Neck
3. Root
91
Who has brachydont teeth?
Carnivores
92
Hypso means?
Height
93
Hypsodont gorwth
Continuously erupting → no definite crown, neck and rook
94
Who has hysodont teeth?
1. Ruminant cheek teeth
2. All Equine
3. Rodent incisor
4. Canine teeth of pigs
5. Elephant tusk
95
Enamel hardness
Hardest part of human body
96
Enamel consists of?
96% hydroxyapatite
97
Any collagen in enamel?
No
98
Enamel secreted by?
Ameloblasts
99
Dentin hardness
Harder than bonde
100
Dentin consists of?
70% hydroxyapatite
101
Any collagen in dentin?
Type I
102
Dentin secreted by?
Odontoblasts
103
Cementum hardness
Resembles bone
104
Cementum consists of?
45% hydroxyapatite
105
Any collagen in cementum?
Type I
106
Cementum secreted by?
Cementoblasts
107
Dental calculus
Formed by plague accumulation
108
Calculus aka?
Tarta
109
Dental calculus can lead to?
Periodontal disease
110
4 stages of tooth development
1. Dental lamina
2. Tooth bud
3. Enamel organ
4. Bell
111
What is the dental lamina stage?
Oral epithelium invades underlying mesenchym of jaw as dental lamina
