1. Has conical papillae 2. No muscular tissue carried into ruminal papillae 3. Pillars and grooves (shag carpet)

Esophagus & Stomach Flashcards by Kelsey Madden

Esophagus is?

Muscular tube modified for transport of food to and from stomach

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Esophagus characteristics

Flexible and distensible

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4 layers of esophagus

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia

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Cells of esophageal t. mucosa

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinized in carnivores)

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2 layers of esophageal t. mucosa

Lamina propria

2. Mucularis mucosa

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Esophageal muscularis mucosa is composed of?

Smooth muscle fibers

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Esophageal muscularis mucosa fibers run?

Parallel to tube

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Submucosal glands are only found in?

Esophagus

2. Duodenum

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Esophageal t. muscularis consists of?

2 layers of skeletal muscle fibers

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2 layers of esophageal t. muscularis

Inner circular

2. Outher longitudinal

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Muscularis mucosa in cervical region of esophagus

Absent

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Functions of esophageal t. muscularis

Vomiting, regurgitation

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Stomach digestion

Mechanical and chemical

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Non-glandular region of stomach

Esophageal region

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Glandular regions of stomach

Cardia
Fundus
Pylorus

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Cells of esophageal region of stomach

Stratified squamous epithelium

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Margo plicatus

Raised transitional line from non-glandular to glandular stomach

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Non-glandular region in ruminants might be called?

Forestomach

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Ruminant forestomach also called?

Proventriculus

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3 parts of ruminant proventriculus

Rumen
Reticulum
Omasum

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Proventriculus cells

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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Rumen also called?

Paunch

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Ruminal lumen

Has conical papillae
No muscular tissue carried into ruminal papillae
Pillars and grooves (“shag carpet”)

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Reticulum also called?

Honeycomb

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How does reticulum form honeycomb pattern?

Tunica mucosa forms ridges covered with papillae

Reticular folds have?

Band of smooth m. at tip

Cells of reticulum

Stratified squamous epithelium with keratinization

Tunica mucosa in omasum forms?

Laminae (long folds)

Cardia

Transitional zone between esophagus nd stomach

Gastric acid is produced in what regions of stomach?

1. Fundus | 2. Body

Pylorus

Funnel shaped region open into SI

4 layers of glandular stomach

1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 3. Serosa

Rugae of glandular stomach are formed by?

Mucosa and submucosa folds

Rugae of glandular stomach flattens when?

Stomach fills

Mucosal epithelium of stomach

Simple columnar (mucus secreting)

Gastric pits are?

Epithelium invaginations into lamina propria

Cells lining surface of stomach mucosa are called?

Surface mucuous cells

Gastric glands of mucosa open into?

Gastric pits

Cells of cardiac region

Transition from stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

Gastric glands of cardiac region are usualy lined by?

Mucus-secreting cells

Depth of gastric pits in cardiac region

1/3rd of entire lamina propria (medium depth)

Depth of gastric pits in fundic region

4 parts of gastric (fundic) gland

1. Isthmus 2. Neck 3. Body 4. Base

Isthmus of gastric gland

Opening of gland into pit above it

Neck of gastric gland

Constricted area near isthmus

Body of gastric gland

Main tube

Base of gastric gland

Dilated adenomere

5 types of cells in fundic glands

1. Chief (zymogen) cels 2. Parietal (oxyntic) cells 3. Mucus neck cells 4. Enteroendocrine cells 5. Germinal cells

Chief cells are most numerous where?

Lower regions of gland

Chief cell appearance

Foamy/lacy Stain light blue with H&E

Chief cell shape

Pyramidal Basally positioned round nucleus

Secretory/zymogen granules in chief cells

1. Apically positioned | 2. Present in fasted animals

Chief cells secrete?

1. Pepsinogen 2. Gastric lipase 3. Renin in young animals

Pepsinogen is converted to?

Pepsin

Pepsin is?

Proteolytic enzyme in acidic environment

Renin in young animals

Curdles milk by coagulating casein

Parietal cells aka?

Oxyntic cells

Parietal cell cytoplasm

Bright-staining eosinophilic

Parietal cell shape

Large, spheroidal with round nucleus

Parietal cells are found where?

Scattered throughout gastric glands from neck to base, wedged between chief cells

Parietal cells produce?

HCl

Parietal cells are stimulated to produce HCl by?

1. Cholinergic nerve endings 2. Gastrin 3. Histamine

Parietal cells contains?

Intracellular canalicula → extend from apical plasmalemma into cytoplasm

Intracellular canaliculi or parietal cells are occluded by?

Many microvilli

Mucus neck cells?

Line neck of gastric gland

Mucus neck cells are interspersed among?

Parietal cells

How is mucoid product of mucus neck cells different than that of surface mucus cells?

1. Less viscous | 2. Contain acidic GAGs

GAG stands for?

Glycosaminoglycan

Function of mucuous from mucus neck cells?

Protection from hydrolytic activity of HCl

What are enteroendocrine cells?

Endocrine/paracrine cells within enteric epithelium

Old name of enteroendocrine cells

APUD

APUD stands for?

Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation activity

DNES stands for?

Diffus neuroendocrine system

Eneroendocrine cells are not limited to the GI but scattered all over the body among endothelial cells, so they are referred to as?

DNES

Enteroendocrine cells stain with silver and chromium stains so they are also referred to as?

1. Argentaffin cells | 2. Enterochromaffin cells

Examples of enteroendocrine cells

1. G cells 2. D cells 3. EC cells

G cells secrete?

Gastrin

D cels secrete?

Somatostatin

EC cells secrete?

1. Seratonin | 2. Substance P

Germinal cells are found in?

Gland neck and bottom of pits

Length of gastric pits in pyloric region

1/2 of lamina propria (deepest)

Deepest gastric pits are found in?

Pyloric region

How are gastric pits of pyloric region histologically similar to cardiac gland region?

1. Mucus secreting cells | 2. Gastrin enteroendocrine cells

Pyloric region contains?

Muscular sphincter at gastroduodenal junction

Esophagus & Stomach Flashcards

(84 cards)