Integument Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
Keratinocytes aka?
A
Skin cells
2
Q
Vascular supply for epidermis
A
Dermis
3
Q
2 layers of dermis
A
- Papillary layer
2. Reticular layer
4
Q
Papillary layer of dermis
A
Dermal ridges or papillae interdigitate with rete pegs of epidermis
5
Q
5 layers of epidermis
A
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum basale
6
Q
Where do nerve endings in the skin occur?
A
- Hypodermis
- Dermis
- Epidermis
7
Q
Thickest layer of dermis
A
Reticular layer
8
Q
What cells make up the bulk of the epidermis?
A
Keratinocyes
9
Q
2 types of tumors arising from keratinocytes
A
- Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Basal cell carcinoma
10
Q
3 types of epidermal cells other than keratinocytes
A
- Melanocytes
- Langerhan’s cells
- Merkel cells
11
Q
Melanocytes are?
A
Pigment cells
12
Q
Langerhan’s cells are?
A
Antigen-presenting cells
13
Q
Merkel cells are derived from ____ and associated with?
A
Neural crest → associated with nerve endings in epidermis
14
Q
Langerhan’s cells originates from?
A
Monocytes → migrate to epidermis
15
Q
Function of Langerhan’s cells
A
- Phagocytize antigens
- Migrate to lymph nodes
- Present antigen to lymphocytes
16
Q
Langerhan’s cells are located in?
A
Mainly in stratum spinosum but found throughout the epidermis and dermis
17
Q
Melanocytes originate from?
A
Neural crest
18
Q
Melanocytes produce?
A
Melanin
19
Q
After melanin is produced by melanocytes, what happens?
A
Transferred to keratinocytes → shield nucleus
20
Q
Melanoma is?
A
Melanocyte tumor
21
Q
Modified keratinocyte in contact with a nerve ending is called?
A
Merkel cell
22
Q
Merkel cells are found?
A
Basal layer of epidermis
23
Q
4 types of skin glans
A
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
- Special glands (usually scent)
- Mammary glands
24
Q
Sebaceous glands are associated with?
A
Hair follicles
25
2 types of sweat glands
1. Apocrine
| 2. Merocrine
26
Which type of sweat gland empties into hair follicles?
Apocrine
27
Merocrine sweat glands can be found on what types of skin?
Hairy or non-hairy → do not empty to hair follicles
28
3 special skin glands in sheep
1. Infraorbital
2. Inguinal
3. Interdigital
29
Special skin glands in goat
Glands near horn
30
2 special skin glands in cat
1. Submental organ glands
| 2. Circumoral glands
31
Special skin gland found in both dog and cat
Supracaudal glands
32
Glands of anal region are in what 4 species?
1. Dog
2. Cat
3. Ferret
4. Skunk
33
Glands of anal sac do what type of secretion?
Merocrine
34
Hepatoid glands do what type of secretion?
Do not secrete
35
What is microscopic evidence of apocrine secretion?
Bubble-like blebs of cytoplasm at apical cell surface
36
Follicle is continuous with?
Epidermis of surface of skin
37
Shaft of hair protrudes from?
Surface of skin
38
The part of the hair embedded in the follicle is called?
Root of the hair
39
Parts of shaft of hair
1. Cuticle
2. Cortex (hard keratin)
3. Medulla (in thick hair only)
40
Parts of root of hair
1. Cuticle
2. Cortex
3. Medulla (+/-)
41
Expanded end of the root of hair is called?
Bulb
42
Bulb of the root surrounds?
Dermal papilla
43
4 layers of follicle
1. Hair
2. Inner root sheath
3. Outer root sheath
4. CT sheath
44
Cuticle is the layer located?
Between hair and inner root sheath
45
Inner root sheath doesn't extend superficially beyond?
Opening of sebaceous glands
46
Outer root sheath is continuous with?
Skin surface
47
What is between outer root sheath and CT sheath?
Basement membrane
48
Where do cells division occur during hair growth?
In the bulb, covering surface of dermal papilla
49
During hair growth, cells at the tip of the papilla forms?
Medulla
50
During hair growth, cells covering sides of papilla form?
Cortex
51
During hair growth, cuticle and inner root sheath form from?
Cells at reflection of cells at base of papilla
52
3 types of hairs
1. Guard hairs
2. Wool hairs
3. Sensory hairs
53
Principle hairs are also called?
Guard hairs
54
Secondary hairs are also called?
Wool hairs
55
Sensory hairs are also called?
Vibrissae
56
Sensory hairs can be what two types?
Tactile or sinus
57
Sensory hairs contain?
1. Venous sinuses in CT sheath around hair root
| 2. Nerve endings in CT
58
The venous sinus in a tactile hair divides which layer of the follicle into 2 layers?
CT sheath
59
Hoof tissue is composed of?
Tubular and intertubularhorn
60
How does hoof tissue grow?
Division of cells in stratum basale
61
Stratum basale in the hoof is immediately adjacent to?
CT
62
How does hoof tissue receive nutrition?
From underlying CT (dermis/corium)
63
Dermis in the hoof is called?
Corium
64
Main part of the hoof
Hoof wall
65
Coronet
Junction of hoof wal with skin
66
Periople
Thin, cuticle-like covering over hoof wall
67
Bottom flat surface of hoof is called?
Sole
68
White line is?
Junction of hoof wall and sole
69
Frog of hoof is?
Wedge of tissue in center of ground surface of hof
70
The term hoof refers to?
Epidermis
71
Projections of corium
Laminae and papillae
72
Blood and nerve supply to hoof is located in he?
Corium
73
Major function of laminae and papillae
Increase surface area for attachment
74
Dermal laminae function
Primary structure for adherence of hoof wall to foot
75
Papillae function
Template for hoof wall, sole and frog tissue → cause dividing epidermis to form tubules and intertubular horn
76
Laminae is found in?
Both hoof and dermis → interdigitate with each other
77
Laminae are located at what surface of the hoof wall?
Deep surface
78
2 divisions of laminae
1. Primary
| 2. Secondary
79
Which type of laminae is grossly visible?
Primary
80
Secondary laminae is only present in?
Equidae
81
Primary epidermal laminae is composed o?
Non-pigmented keratinized cells
82
Primary epidermal laminae is connected to?
Inner surface of stratum medium
83
Secondary epidermal laminae are attached to?
Primary laminae
84
Secondary epidermal laminae are composed o?
Stratum basale and stratum spinosum
85
Each primary lamina contains how many secondary laminae?
100-200
86
3 layers of hoof wall
1. Stratum externum
2. Stratum medium
3. Stratum internum
87
Stratum externum is also called?
Stratum tectorium
88
Periople is composed of what layer of hoof wal?
Stratum externum (tectorium)
89
Stratum medium is?
Bulk of hoof wall
90
Stratum medium grows from?
Cell division of epidermis in coronary region
91
Stratum internum is also called?
Stratum lamellatum
92
Epidermal laminae form from what hoof wall layer?
Stratum interum
93
During growth of hoof wall, where does division occur?
In stratum basale where it covers corium of coronary band
94
Division in the stratum basale at the coronary band forms?
Tubular and intertubular horn
95
Rate of growth of hoof wall
1/4-1/2 inch per month
96
Defecs at coronary region require how long to grow out completely (reach ground surface)?
8-12 months
97
Laminitis is?
Separation of hoof wall from third phalanx
98
Laminitis is usually due to loss of normal function of?
Laminae
99
Epikeras refers to?
Bovine horn
100
Rhino horn
Like horse hoof but grows directly from skin with no bony base
101
Antlers are?
Bone covered by velvety skin
102
Do antlers shed?
Annually
