Digestive System: Pancreas, Intestines, and Elimination

Question 1

what the pancreas for in digestion

Answer 1

production and secretion of digestive juices

Question 2

pancreas location

Answer 2

located below the stomach and extends from the duodenum to the spleen

Question 3

pancreas function

Answer 3

secretes bicarbonate, enzymes, hormones.

triangular shaped and has both endocrine and exocrine functions

Question 4

bicarbonate function from pancreas

Answer 4

raises pH from stomach secretions

Question 5

enzyme function form pancreas

Answer 5

digests sugars, fats, and proteins

Question 6

Hormone function from pancreas

Answer 6

insulin.
regulates blood sugar levels

Question 7

small intestine location

Answer 7

extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ilocecal valve

Question 8

pancreatic enzymes of the small intestine

Answer 8

continue digestion of food so the nutrients are small enough to be absorbed

Question 9

how are lipid components and ware absorbed into the cells

Answer 9

by simple diffusion

Question 10

what is diffused into the capillaries within the villi in small intestine

Answer 10

short chain fatty acids
water
electrolytes
enter the blood stream

Question 11

where does most chemical digestion of food occur

Answer 11

in the small intestine

Question 12

what do brush border enzymes do

Answer 12

breakdown carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids into smaller components to be absorbed

Question 13

what kind of mechanical digestion occurs in the small intestine

Answer 13

peristalsis moves chyme towards small intestine while segmentation pushes it back and forth to help mix enzymes into chyme

Question 14

Brunner gland function

Answer 14

glands in the duodenum
secrete bicarbonate containing fluid (help alkaline pancreatic juices) that neutralizes acidic chyme providing optimal pH for enzyme activity

Question 15

brush border enzyme phosphatase breaks down

Answer 15

nucleotides

Question 16

-dase breaks down

Answer 16

-ides

Question 17

dextrinase breaks down

Answer 17

oligosaccharides

Question 18

small intestine subdivided into

Answer 18

3 regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 19

duodenum functions

Answer 19

*receives chyme fro stomach
*neutralizes digestive juices
*most chemical digestion occurs here

Question 20

duodenum characterized by

Answer 20

c-shape
shortest segment

Question 21

jejunum characterized by

Answer 21

prominent place circulares, long villi, and dense micro-villi

Question 22

jejunum function

Answer 22

main site for absorption

Question 23

ileum characteristics

Answer 23

*longest segment of small intestine
*peyers patches common here but found throughout the small intestine
*terminates at ileocecal valve

Question 24

ileum function

Answer 24

primary role to absorb vitamin B12, bile salts and any nutrients that were not absorbed but he jejunum

Question 25

Large intestine main function

Answer 25

*the absorption of water into the body to form solid waste *also allows for absorption of vitamin K produced by microbes inside large intestine

Question 26

large intestine absorbs

Answer 26

*water *vitamin K *biotin *sodium ions *chloride ions

Question 27

resident gut bacteria in large intestine function

Answer 27

help keep populations of pathogenic bacteria in check

Question 28

appendix function

Answer 28

serves as a reservoir for beneficial species of bacteria, though it is often infected with harmful microbes.

Question 29

large intestine characteristics

Answer 29

begins at ileocecal valve and terminates at the anus

Question 30

cecum charicteristcs

Answer 30

*pouch *first portion of the large intestine *recieves chyme from the small intestine *site of appendix

Question 31

colon characteristics

Answer 31

*middle portion of the large intestine *further subdivided into 4

Question 32

subdivided parts of colon

Answer 32

*ascending colon (right side of body ) *transverse colon (extends across abdominal cavity) *descending colon (left side of body) *sigmoid colon (lies in pelvic cavity and becomes the rectum)

Question 33

how does large intestine pass on chyme

Answer 33

haustra

Question 34

haustra characteristics

Answer 34

pouch-like sacculations

Question 35

haustra function

Answer 35

formed by contraction of smooth muscle within muscular layer

Question 36

how are the walls of the large intestine lubricated

Answer 36

by mucus secreted by goblet cells

Question 37

rectum characteristics

Answer 37

*final 12-15 cm of large intestine *curves to conform to the shape of the sacrum and coccyx bone

Question 38

anal canal characteristics

Answer 38

ends with involuntary internal sphincter and voluntary external sphincter

Question 39

rectal ampula function

Answer 39

storage area for feces before eliminated in the process called dedication

Question 40

feces consists of

Answer 40

bacteria, water, undigested material, epithelial cells, and bile (accounts fr the brown coloration)