Digestive System Part 1 Flashcards by Ashley Ross

What are the six functions of the digestive system?

ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption and elimination of waste

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What is ingestion?

taking in food

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What is digestion?

breakdown of food

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What are the two types of digestion?

mechanical and chemical

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What is propulsion?

movement

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What is peristalsis?

muscular contractions to move food

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What is segmentation?

muscular contractions to mix food

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What is secretion?

releasing fluids

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What are four examples of things secreted in the digestion system?

mucin, acid, bile, enzymes

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What is absorption?

nutrients get absorbed into blood and lymph

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What is the elimination of waste?

indigestible foods become feces and are expelled from the body

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What is the oral cavity the entrance to?

the GI Tract

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What are the borders of the oral cavity?

anterior: lips and teeth
posterior: oropharynx
superior: hard (anterior 2/3) and soft palate (post 1/3)
floor: mylohyoid

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What is the vestibule?

the space between lips and teeth

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What is the oral cavity proper?

the central part of the mouth

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What tissue is found in the oral cavity?

NK stratified squamous

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What is the function of the oral cavity?

mechanical and chemical digestion

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What is the function of the tongue?

manipulates and mixes food turning it into a bolus

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What is a bolus?

globular mass of ingested materials

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What type of muscle is the tongue?

skeletal muscle

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How does the tongue attach to the floor of the mouth?

via the lingual frenulum

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What do salivary glands do?

produce and secrete saliva

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What are the five functions of saliva?

moistens, cleanses, chemical digestion, antibacterial and dissolves materials for taste receptors

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What are the two types of secretory cells?

mucous cells and serous cells

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What do mucous cells secrete and what do they turn into?

secrete mucin which turns into mucous when hydrated

What are serous cells?

watery fluid with ions, lysozyme and amylase

What are the three types of salivary glands?

parotid glands, submandibular glands, and sublingual glands

of the salivary glands, which is the largest?

parotid gland

What is the parotid gland anterior to?

the ear

Where is the parotid duct found?

2nd upper molar

the parotid gland only secretes ____ secretions.

serous

Which enzyme does the parotid gland secrete?

amylase

What percentage of saliva does the parotid gland secrete?

25-30%

Which cranial nerve innervates parotid glands?

parasympathetic, CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

Where is the submandibular gland found?

inferior to body of the mandible

Where is the submandibular duct found?

papilla on floor, lateral to lingual frenulum

What kind of secretions do submandibular glands secrete?

serous and mucous secretions

What percentage of saliva is produced by submandibular glands?

60-70%

Which nerve innervates the submandibular glands?

parasympathetic, facial nerve (CN VII)

the sublingual gland is ____ to the tongue.

inferior

Where are a lot of the sublingual glands found?

inferior oral cavity

What kind of secretions do the sublingual glands make?

serous and mucous

What percentage of saliva is made in the sublingual glands?

3-5%

What cranial nerve innervates sublingual glands?

parasympathetic, CN VII

Which two systems share the pharynx?

respiratory and digestive

What is the function of the pharynx?

participates in swallowing

What nerve innervates the pharynx?

CN X (Vagus)

What is a peritonium?

abdominopelvic serous membranes

What does the parietal peritoneum cover?

the walls within abdominopelvic cavity

What does the visceral peritoneum cover?

organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

What is the space found between the visceral and parietal peritoneum called?

peritoneal cavity

What is the peritoneal cavity filled with?

serous fluid

Intraperitoneal organs are _____.

completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

What are a couple examples of intraperitoneal organs?

stomach, most of small intestines

Retroperitoneal organs are______.

only anterolateral covered by visceral peritoneum

What are 4 examples of retroperitoneal organ?

pancreas, ascending and descending colon, rectum

What is the greater momentum?

apron covers most abdominal organs

What does the greater omentum connect?

greater curvature of stomach

What does the lesser omentum connect?

lesser curvature of stomach to proximal duodenum to liver

What does the mesentery proper connect?

small intestines to abdominal wall

What does the mesocolon connect?

Large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

What are the four tunics from deep to superficial?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia or serosa

What is the tissue found on the superficial epithelium on the mucosa layer?

Non-ciliated simple columnar (for small intestines)

What tissue is found on the lamina propria?

Areolar CT

What is three structures are found in the lamina propria?

Capillaries, lacteals, Peyer patches

What kind of muscle is found in the muscular is mucosae?

Smooth muscle

What tissue is found in the submucosa?

Areolar and Dense irregular CT

What four structures does the submucosa contain?

Lymphatic ducts, nerves, blood vessels, mucin secreting glands

How many layers of smooth muscle does the muscularis layer have?

What are the two names of the two muscularis layers?

Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

What does the inner circular layer do to the lumen?

Constricts lumen

What does the outer longitudinal layer do to the tube?

Shortens the tube

What two types of muscles are found in the esophagus?

Smooth and skeletal muscle

The stomach has ____ layers of ___ muscle.

3, smooth

Adventitia or serosa is the ___layer.

Outermost

What kind of tissue is adventitia and serosa?

Areolar CT

Adventitia is found on ____.

Retroperitoneal organs

Serosa is found on_____.

Intraperitoneal organs

What does serosa contain?

Visceral peritonium

What three structures does the digestive system get its blood supply from?

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery

What kind of nerves are found in the digestive system?

Both autonomic and sensory

What organs are are associated with the celiac plexus?

Liver, spleen, stomach

What organs are associated with the superior mesenteric plexus?

Small intestines and part of large intestines

What organs are associated with the inferior mesenteric plexus?

Large intestines, rectum and anal canal

Digestive System Part 1 Flashcards

(84 cards)