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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the respiratory system?

A

gas exchange, gas conditioning, sound production, olfaction and defense

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2
Q

What are the two anatomical divisions of the respiratory system?

A

upper tracts, lower tracts

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3
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory divisions?

A

conditioning and respiratory portions

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4
Q

What are the three structures of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx

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5
Q

What is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

A

conditioning

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6
Q

What are the two features of the nose?

A

nasal bones and dorsum nasi

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7
Q

The nasal bones are a ___.

A

bridge

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8
Q

What is the dorsum nasi made of and where is it found?

A

cartilage, anteroinferior

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9
Q

What is the function of the nose?

A

main conducting airway

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10
Q

What are the three features of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal septum, nasal conchae, choanae

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11
Q

What is the nasal septum?

A

Medial wall of the nasal cavity

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12
Q

What are the nasal conchae?

A

ridges on the lateral walls

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13
Q

What is the Choanae?

A

opening to nasopharynx

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14
Q

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

A

condition air

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15
Q

What are the regions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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16
Q

where is the nasopharynx found?

A

continuous with the nasal cavity, superior to soft palate

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17
Q

What are the two features of the nasopharynx?

A

pharyngeal tonsil, auditory tubes

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18
Q

What tissue is found in the nasopharynx?

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

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19
Q

Where is the oropharynx found?

A

from soft palate to hyoid

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20
Q

What three features are found in the oropharynx?

A

fauces, palatine and lingual tonsils

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21
Q

What are fauces?

A

openings to oral cavity

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22
Q

What tissue is found in the oropharynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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23
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx found?

A

from hyoid to cricoid cartilage

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24
Q

What tissue is found in the laryngopharynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

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25
What are the conducting structures of the lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
26
What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?
conduction
27
The larynx connects the ____ to the ___.
pharynx to the trachea
28
What are the two functions of the larynx?
air conduction and sound production
29
What two tissues are found in the larynx?
NK Stratified squamous and pseuodostratified ciliated columnar
30
What three cartilage structures are found in the larynx?
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottis
31
of the cartilage structures in the larynx, which is the largest?
thyroid cartilage
32
What are the features of thyroid cartilage?
thyrohyoid membrane and laryngeal prominence
33
What is the cricoid cartilage inferior to?
thyroid cartilage
34
What shape is cricoid cartilage?
complete ring shaped
35
What feature is found on the cricoid cartilage?
cricothyroid ligament
36
What shape is the epiglottis?
spoon shaped
37
What is the function of the epiglottis?
choking prevention
38
What are the three minor cartilages of the larynx?
arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilage
39
Where is the arytenoid cartilage found?
superioposterior cricoid
40
What does the arytenoid cartilage attach to?
thyroid cartilage to vocal ligament to vocal folds
41
What is corniculate cartilage attached to?
arytenoids
42
corniculate cartilage attaches to ____ to ____ to ____.
thyroid cartilage, vestibular ligament, vestibular folds
43
What does cuneiform cartilage support?
Aryepiglottic fold
44
What determines range in terms of sound production?
length and thickness of vocal cords
45
long of thick vocal cords produce __ sounds.
deep
46
short or thin cords produce ____ sounds.
high
47
Pitch is also known as ___.
tension
48
Increased tension =
high pitch
49
decreased tension =
low pitch
50
What determines the loudness of someones voice?
the amount of air expelled from mouth
51
Where is the trachea found?
inferior to larynx, anterior to esophagus
52
What are the three features of the trachea?
tracheal cartilages, anular ligaments, tracheal muscle
53
What shape are tracheal cartilages?
C shaped
54
What do the anular ligaments connect?
tracheal cartilages
55
What does the tracheal muscle connect?
end of "C"
56
What tissue is found in the trachea?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar
57
What are bronchi?
Highly branched conducting system within lungs
58
What are the two features of the bronchi?
left and right primary bronchi
59
The R primary bronchi is ___ than the L primary bronchi.
wider
60
How many second bronchi are found within the right primary bronchi?
3
61
How many secondary bronchi are found within the left primary bronchi?
2
62
The braching progression of bronchi become ____.
smaller
63
what is decreased with the branching progression of bronchi?
cartilage
64
What is increased with the branching progression of bronchi?
smooth muscle
65
What tissues are found within the branching progression of bronchi?
pseudostratified ciliated columnar, simple columnar and simple squamous
66
What is the width of bronchioles?
1 mm
67
Bronchioles have a thick layer of _____.
smooth muscle
68
What is the function of the thick layer of smooth muscle on the bronchioles?
bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
69
What does the thick layer of smooth muscle form?
terminal bronchioles
70
what are the parts of the respiration portion of the bronchioles?
alveolar duct, pulmonary alveoli
71
What are alveolus?
thin walled sacs
72
What kind of cell are alveolar type 1?
simple squamous
73
What is the function of alveolar type 1 cells?
rapid diffusion of gas
74
What kind of cells are alveolar type 2?
simple cuboidal
75
what is the function of alveolar type two cells?
produces pulmonary surfactant which prevents prolapse
76
What are the three parts of gas exchange?
pulmonary, external and internal
77
In terms of gas exchange, what is pulmonary?
movement of air in/ out of lungs
78
In therms of gas exchange, what is external?
alveoli to capillaries
79
In terms of gas exchange, what is internal?
capillaries to cells

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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