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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Digestive System Part 2 > Flashcards

Digestive System Part 2 Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Conducts bolus from oropharynx to stomach

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2
Q

What is the location of the esophagus?

A

Anterior to vertebrae

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3
Q

In the esophagus, what kind of cells are found in the mucosa layer?

A

NK stratified squamous

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4
Q

Within the esophagus,what is found in the submucosa?

A

Thick with mucous glands

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5
Q

In the muscularis layer of the esophagus, what kind of muscle is found in the superior 1/3, middle 1/3, and inferior 1/3?

A

Superior 1/3, skeletal
Middle 1/3, skeletal and smooth
Inferior 1/3, smooth

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6
Q

Does the esophagus have adventitia or serosa?

A

Adventitia

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7
Q

What is the location of the superior esophageal sphincter?

A

Between pharynx and esophagus

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8
Q

What is the function of the superior esophageal sphincter?

A

Close during inhalation

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9
Q

What is the location of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

Between esophagus and stomach

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10
Q

What is the function of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

Prevents regurgitation (with esophageal hiatus)

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11
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Continues mechanical and chemical digestion and turns bolus into chyme

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12
Q

What is the location of the stomach?

A

Upper left quadrant

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13
Q

What is the structure of the stomach?

A

Muscularis——> three layers or muscle

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14
Q

What are the three layers of muscle of the stomach from superior to deep?

A

Longitudinal, circular, oblique

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15
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body and Pyloris

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16
Q

What are the four features of the stomach?

A

Greater curvature, lesser curvature, pyloric sphincter and reggae

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17
Q

What is rugae?

A

Gastric folds for expansion of stomach

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18
Q

What three things are found within the stomach wall?

A

Mucosa, gastric pits, gastric glands

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19
Q

What kind of cells are found in the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar

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20
Q

How much absorption happens in the stomach?

A

Very little, the stomach mostly secretes

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21
Q

What are the gastric pits?

A

Indentations

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22
Q

What two cells are found within the gastric pits?

A

Surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells

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23
Q

What do surface mucous cells secrete?

A

Mucin

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24
Q

What do mucous neck cells secrete?

A

Acid and mucin

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25
What three cells are found in the gastric glands?
Parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells
26
What do parietal cells secrete?
HCI
27
What do chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
28
What does pepsinogen mix with to create pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid
29
What is the function of pepsin?
Break down proteins
30
What do enteroendocrine cells secrete?
Gastrin
31
What is the function of gastrin?
Regulate chief and parietal cells
32
What is the function of the small intestine?
Finishes chemical digestion, most nutrient absorption happens here
33
What are the three segments of the small intestines?
Duodenum, jejujnum, ilium
34
What shape is the duodenum?
C shaped
35
Where is the duodenum found?
Upper right quadrant
36
What are the two features of the duodenum?
Duodenojejunal flexure and major duodenal papilla
37
What is the duodenojejunal flexure?
A border of the duodenum (the bend)
38
What is the major duodenal papilla an entrance for?
Bile and pancreatic secretions
39
Where is the jejunum found?
Middle segment of small intestines
40
What is the jejunum the primary region for?
Chemical digestion and nutrient absorption
41
What part of the small intestine is the ilium?
The last segment
42
Which part of the small intestine is the longest?
The ilium
43
What is the ileocecal valve?
Sphincter controlling entry into large intestines
44
What do circular folds increase in the small intestine?
Absorption
45
Where are villi found in the small intestine?
Capillary network
46
What kind of cells are found in the jejunum?
Simple columnar with microvilli
47
What two feature are found in the ileum?
Peyer patches and goblet cells
48
What is the structure of the large intestine?
3 sided perimeter around small intestines
49
What are the functions of the large intestines?
Absorb water and ions, compacts indigestible material into feces and stores feces
50
What are the names of the seven regions of the large intestine?
Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal
51
Where is the cecum found?
It is a sac in the lowest right quadrant
52
What feature is found on the cecum?
Vermiform appendix
53
Is the cecum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
54
What is the location of the ascending colon?
Ascends from R side of abdomen to Inferior border of liver
55
What feature is found on the ascending colon?
Right Colin flexure which is 90 degree angle to the left
56
Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
57
Where is the transverse colon found?
Right colic flexure to spleen (upper left quadrant)
58
What are the two features of the transverse colon?
Left colic flexure and transverse mesocolon
59
What is the left colic flexure?
90 degree angle down
60
What does the transverse mesocolon do?
Suspends transverse colon
61
Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
62
Where is the descending colon found?
Descends from L side of abdomen
63
Is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
64
What shape is the sigmoid colon?
S shaped as it turns inferomedially
65
What feature is found on the sigmoid colon?
Sigmoid mesocolon
66
What does the sigmoid mesocolon do?
Suspends sigmoid colon
67
Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Intraperitoneal
68
What is the rectum?
Muscular tube that expands to store feces
69
What is the feature of the rectum?
Rectal valves, 3 thick transverse folds
70
Is the rectum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?
Retroperitoneal
71
What is the anal canal?
Terminal end of large intestines
72
What are the four features of the anal canal?
Anal columns, anal sinuses, internal anal sphincter, and external anal sphincter
73
What do the anal sinuses secrete?
Mucin
74
What is the function of the internal anal sphincter?
Involuntary, open/close during defication
75
What is the function of the external anal sphincter?
Voluntary, open/close during defication
76
What cells are found in the large intestine?
simple columnar and goblet cells NO VILLI
77
What are the three features of the large intestine?
tenia coli, haustra, omental appendices
78
What is tenia coli??
bundles of longitudinal ligaments
79
What is mental appendices?
external fat
80
What kind of movement happens in the large intestine?
peristaltic
81
What is haustral?
curing within each haustrum
82
What is a mass movement?
contraction of tenia coli to propel feces
83
What is the gastrocolic reflex?
mass movement of triggered after a meal
84
What are the four accessory digestive organs?
liver, gall bladder, pancreas, biliary apparatus
85
What is the location of the liver?
upper right quadrant
86
What are the four lobes of the liver?
right, left, caudate, quadrate
87
What structures are found on the inferior surface of the liver?
inferior vena cava, ligamentum venosum, gall bladder, round ligaments,ent, porter hepatis
88
Where does the liver get its blood supply?
hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
89
What are the 5 functions of the liver?
produce bile, detox blood, store nutrients, synthesize plasma proteins, breakdown RBC
90
What is the name of the functional units of the liver?
lobules
91
Hepatocytes:
line sinusoids, absorb nutrients, secrete bile
92
What are reticuloendothelial cells?
phagocytes
93
What are the four structures of the portal triads?
periphery, hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct branches
94
What does the central vein do?
drains blood from lobule to hepatic vein to IVC
95
What do the bile canaliculi do?
carries bile from cells to duct
96
What is the location of the gall bladder?
inferior surface of the liver
97
What is the function of the gall bladder?
collects and concentrates bile
98
What is the feature of the gall bladder?
cystic duct
99
What does the cystic duct do?
connects gall bladder to common hepatic ducts which connects to common bile ducts
100
What three parts does the pancreas have?
head, body, tail
101
What is the function of the pancreas?
endocrine and exocrine
102
What are the three features of the pancreas?
acinar cells, main pancreatic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla
103
What do acinar cells secrete?
digestive enzymes, bicarbonate
104
What is the main pancreatic duct?
central vessel
105
What does the hepatopancreatic ampulla connect?
pancreas and duodenum
106
What is the biliary apparatus?
network of ducts that carry bile from gall bladder to duodenum
107
the cystic and common hepatic ducts form with ___.
common bile duct
108
the common bile duct merges with the main pancreatic duct to the____.
hepatopancreatic ampulla

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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