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Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

What are the five functions of the urinary system?

A

remove waste from blood, production, storage and excretion of bile, blood volume regulation, regulation of erythrocyte production and pH balance

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2
Q

What two structures are associated with the urinary system?

A

kidneys and urinary tract

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3
Q

What is the location of the kidneys?

A

L at rib 12, and R 2cm lower than L

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4
Q

What are the four layers of the kidneys?

A

fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, and paranephric fat

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5
Q

what is the function of the fibrous capsule?

A

shape and protection

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6
Q

What is the function of the perinephric fat layer?

A

cushion, insulation

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7
Q

What does the renal fascia do?

A

anchors kidneys

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8
Q

Where is paranephric fat found?

A

between renal fascia and peritonium

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9
Q

What are the regions of the kidneys?

A

renal cortex and renal medulla

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10
Q

What two structures are found in the renal medulla?

A

renal pyramids and renal columns

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11
Q

What is the corticomedullary junction?

A

cortex contact pyramids

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12
Q

What is renal papilla?

A

apex of pyramids

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13
Q

What is the flow of filtrate from kidneys?

A

sinuses to minor calyx to major calyx to renal pelvis to ureter

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14
Q

What are the 5 arteries the kidney gets blood from?

A

renal arteries, segmental arteries, interloper arteries, arcuate arteries and interlobular arteries

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15
Q

Where are the renal arteries found?

A

through hilum

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16
Q

Where do segmental arteries branch to?

A

different kidney regions

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17
Q

Where are interlobar arteries found?

A

in renal columns

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18
Q

Where are arcuate arteries found?

A

along corticomedullary junction

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19
Q

Where are interlobular arteries found?

A

in cortex

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20
Q

What do afferent arterioles supply blood to?

A

nephrons

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21
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

ball of capillaries, site of filtration

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22
Q

What do efferent arterioles do?

A

collect unfiltered blood

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23
Q

What do peritubular arteries follow?

A

renal tubules (cortex)

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24
Q

What does the vasa recta follow?

A

nephron loop

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25
What is the function unit of the kidneys?
nephron
26
About how many nephrons are found in kidneys?
1.25 million in each kidney
27
What are the three processes of nephrons?
filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
28
Where does tubular reabsorption occur?
renal tubules to peritubular capillaries
29
Where does tubular secretion occur?
peritubular capillaries to renal tubules
30
What are the four regions of the nephron?
renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
31
What are the two types of nephrons and their abundance?
cortical nephrons (85%) and justamedullary nephrons (15%)
32
What are the regions of the renal corpuscle
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
33
What is the vascular pole?
where arterioles enter and exit
34
What is the tubular pole?
tubular exit
35
What kind of capillaries are found in the glomerulus?
fenestrated capillaries
36
In the glomerular capsule, the visceral layer is a ___ membrane.
filtration
37
The filtration membrane has _______ and ____.
filtration slits and fenestrated capillaries
38
What are filtration slits?
adjacent pedicels from podocytes
39
what kind of cells make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule?
simple squamous
40
What are the three layers of the glomerular capsule?
visceral layer, parietal layer and capsular space
41
What is the function of proximal convoluted tubules?
reabsorb majority of nutrients and water to peritubular capillaries
42
What cells are found in the proximal convoluted tubules?
simple cuboidal with tall microvilli
43
What are the two regions of the nephron loop?
descending limb and ascending limb
44
What does the descending limb reabsorb?
water
45
What does the ascending limb reabsorb?
sodium and chloride
46
What tissue is found in the distal convoluted tubule?
simple cuboidal with sparse microvilli
47
What dos the distal convoluted tubule secrete?
potassium and hydrogen
48
What does the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?
water
49
What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
blood pressure regulation
50
What are the two components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa
51
juxtaglomerular cells =
smooth muscle
52
macular densa=
epithelial cells
53
What are the three components of the urinary tract?
ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
54
What are the ureters?
fibromusclar tube from renal pelvis to the posterolateral wall of the bladder
55
What are the three layers of the ureters?
mucosa, muscular, and adventitia
56
What is the mucosa layer of the ureters like?
folds of transitional epithelium
57
What is the muscularis layer of the ureters used for? what are the layers of the muscularis layer called?
peristalsis; inner longitudinal and outer circular
58
What tissue is the adventitia of the ureters made of?
external areolar CT
59
What is the function of adventitia in the ureters?
anchors ureters to abdominal wall
60
What is the urinary bladder?
reservoir for urine
61
What is the location of the urinary bladder?
posterior to pubic symphysis (retro)
62
What is the location of the bladder in males?
anterior to rectum, superior to prostate
63
What is the location of the bladder in females?
anteroinferior to uterus, anterior to vagina
64
What are the two features of the urinary bladder?
Median umbilical ligament and trigone
65
What is the trigone in the urinary bladder?
funnel, 2 urethral and ureteral openings
66
What does the median umbilical ligament do?
anchors
67
In the urinary bladder, what is the mucosa layer made of?
transitional epithelium with rug
68
In the urinary bladder, what does the submucosa layer do?
supports mucosa
69
In the urinary bladder, what is the muscularis layer made of?
3 layers of smooth muscle (detrusor muscles)
70
In the urinary bladder, what is the adventitia made of?
areolar CT
71
What is the urethra?
fibromuscular tube conducting urine from bladder to exterior
72
What two features are found in the urethra?
internal and external urethral sphincter
73
What is the internal urethral sphincter made of?
thickening of detrusor muscles
74
What is the external urethral sphincter made of?
skeletal muscle
75
in a female, what is the urethra made of and what is the length?
stratified squamous and 3-5 cm
76
in a female, how many functions does the urethra have?
one
77
in a male, what does the urethra function in?
the urinary and reproductive systems
78
What are the segments of the male urethra?
prostatic urethra, membranous urethra and spongy urethra
79
in males, of the three segments of the urethra, which is the most dilatable?
prostatic urethra
80
What is the length of the prostatic urethra?
3-4 cm
81
What tissue is found in the prostatic urethra?
transitional epithelium
82
What feature is found near the prostatic urethra?
internal urethral sphincter
83
in males, of the three segments of the urethra, what is the least dilatable?
membranous urethra
84
of the three segments of the male urethra, which is the shortest?
membranous urethra
85
What tissue is found in the membranous urethra?
stratified columnar
86
What feature is found near the membranous urethra?
external urethral sphincter
87
Where is the spongy urethra found?
within erectile tissue
88
What is the length of the spongy urethra?
15cm (longest)
89
What tissue is found in the spongy urethra?
pseudo stratified columnar to stratified squamous
90
What feature is found near the spongy urethra?
external urethral orifice
91
What is the external urethral orifice?
opening of urethra

Anatomy Lecture Exam #5 (6 decks)

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