Digestive System Test (Ch. 15) Flashcards
1
Q
4 layers in the wall of the alimentary canal
A
- Serosa
- Muscular
- Submucosa
- Mucosa
2
Q
What is peristalsis?
A
Wave like muscle contractions that push food down the alimentary canal
3
Q
Why is it important for the lips to have a lot of nerves?
A
Detect temperature and texture of what a person is going to eat
4
Q
What are the papillae on the tongue
A
Taste buds
5
Q
What bone serves as the pint of attachment for the tongue
A
Hyoid
6
Q
What type of bone tissue is in the tonsils
A
Lymphatic
7
Q
What is the uvula? Its function?
A
- Hangs in the back of the throat
- Prevents food/ drink from going up the nasal cavity
8
Q
Is the hard palate anterior or posterior?
A
Anterior
9
Q
Why are primary teeth sometimes referred to as deciduous
A
They fall out as the child gets older
10
Q
How many teeth are in the deciduous set?
A
20
11
Q
How many incisors in the adult mouth?
A
8
12
Q
How many cuspids in the adult mouth
A
4
13
Q
How many bicuspids in the adult mouth?
A
8
14
Q
How many molar in the adult mouth?
A
12
15
Q
What is the difference between the crown and root of a tooth?
A
- crown = above the gum line
- root = below the gum line
16
Q
What is enamel
A
Outermost covering of the tooth
17
Q
What is dentin?
A
Layer below the enamel
18
Q
What is the pulp cavity?
A
Inner part of the tooth where blood vessels and nerves are located
19
Q
What does cementum do?
A
Keeps the tooth in place
20
Q
What movie mentions the periodontal ligament
A
Nemo
21
Q
Differences between the nasopharynx, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
A
- naso: by the nasal cavity
- oro: the the mouth
- laryngo: by the larynx
22
Q
Where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea?
A
Posterior
23
Q
What is the function of the esophagus?
A
Connects the mouth to the stomach
24
Q
What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the stomach
A
Lower esophageal sphincter
25
What are the four regions of the stomach
1. Cardiac
2. Fundic
3. Body
4. Pyloric
26
What is the function of the rugae
Increase surface area
27
What is the name of the sphincter that leads into the small intestine
Pyloric sphincter
28
How does the stomach not digest itself
Lines with a special lining and mucus that can withstand the acidic conditions
29
What is chyme?
Juice; food material
30
Which material (carbs, proteins, fats) gets digested the fastest? Slowest?
- Fastest = carbohydrates
| - Slowest = fats
31
What are some things that get absorbed directly from the stomach?
Water, alcohol, fat soluble drugs
32
What are some of the functions of the small intestine?
1. Absorb nutrients
2. Complete digestion
3. Move things to the large intestine
33
List the three parts of the small intestine in order
- duodenum, jejunum, ileum
34
What is the mesenterio?
Tissue that keeps the small intestine together
35
What are villi?
Hair like projections on the inside of the small intestine to increase surface area
36
What enzyme begins carb digestion in the saliva
Amylase
37
What enzyme breaks down sucrose?
Sucrose
38
What to sucrose break down into
Glucose
39
What enzyme breaks down maltose?
Maltese
40
What is maltose broken down into?
Fructose
41
What enzyme breaks down lactose?
Lactase
42
What is lactose broken down into?
Galactose
43
What enzymes break down proteins?
Pepsin
44
What is the name of the sphincter that leads from the small intestine into the large intestine?
Ileocecal
45
Where is the appendix
Right side, the beginning of the large intestine
46
What does the appendix do?
Not much - bit of lymphatic tissue
47
List the 4 parts of the colon
1. Ascending
2. Transverse
3. Descending
4. Sigmoid
48
Which sphincter at the end of the anal canal is voluntary?
External
49
What are the teniae coli?
Longitudinal bands of tissue on the large intestine
50
What are the haustra
Pouches of the large intestine
51
What does feces consist of?
Water, electrolytes, unndigested material, intestinal cells, mucus, bacteria
52
What is the name of the process where we eliminate feces from our body?
Defecation
53
List the three types of salivary glands
1. Parotid
2. Sublingual
3. Submandibular
54
What is the location of the pancreas?
Location: middle / left abdomen
55
What is the location of the liver?
Location: Upper right abdomen
56
What is the location of the gallbladder
Location: behind liver
57
What are 3 macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
58
What are 2 micronutrients
Vitamins, minerals
59
Is is a calorie?
energy requires to raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
60
How many calories in a Calorie?
1000
61
How many Calories are in a kilocalorie
1
62
How many Calories does on gram of fat yield?
9
63
How many Calories does one gram of carbohydrate yield?
4
64
How many Calories does one gram of protein yield?
4
65
What does "essential" mean?
The body does not produce it
66
What is the main function of carbohydrates
Energy
67
What are some sources of carbohydrates?
Grains, vegetables, pasta, sugars, fruits, honey, meat
68
What is a danger in eating too many carbohydrates?
If you dont use the energy, it gets stores in far and can lead to obesity or cardiovascular disease
69
What is the main function of lipids?
Energy
70
Which type of fat is the worst for you, saturated or unsaturated?
Saturated
71
What are some sources of fats?
Meats, eggs, milk, lard, oils
72
What percentage of Calories should derive from fats?
30%
73
What is the main function of proteins
Build new tissue
74
What are some sources of proteins?
Meats, poultry, legumes, fish, cheese, nuts, milk, eggs, cereal
75
What are some fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
76
What does it mean to be fat-soluble?
It can dissolve in fat
77
What are some water soluble vitamins?
B complex, C
78
What does it mean to be water soluble?
Dissolve in water
79
What are minerals>
Elements other than carbon that are essential in metabolism
80
List 3 major minerals
calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, Florine, magnesium
81
List 3 trace minerals
Iron, manganese, copper, iodine, cobalt, zinc, fluorine selenium, chromium
82
What is undernutrition
Not enough calories, poor quality of food
83
What is over nutrition?
Too many calories too much junk food, overeating
84
DIAGRAMS
.
85
- Pouches in the wall of colon become inflamed or infected as a result of bacterial grown
Diverticulitis
86
- Acid backs up from the stomach into the esophagus and throat
- cause heart burn, bloating, vomiting, regurgitation etc.
Acid reflux
87
- Inability to digest sugar (lactose is a sugar found in milk)
Lactose intolerance
88
- Open sores in stomach or small intestine
- includes gastric (stomach) or duodenal (in duodenum - upper part of small intestine)
- Caused by heliobacter pylori
Peptic ulcers
89
Immune reaction to gluten - villa cause your body to not absorb the nutrients that one should be absorbing
Celiac disease
90
- late stage of scarring in the liver
- too much scar tissue propels it not to function
- Life threatening because it can't clean your blood
Cirrhosis of the liver
91
- Contents in the gallbladder are solid rocks
| - Pain in upper stomach and back, digestion problems, vomiting, nausea
Gallstones
92
- An inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis virus
| - 5 different types - include A, B, C, D, and E.
Hepatitis
93
Function is to absorb water, form and store feces, excrete waste and contain bacteria
Large intestine
94
Function is to secrete a juice that helps digest carbs, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins
Pancreas
95
Function is to maintain metabolism of carbs, lipids, dats, filter blood, remove toxins and old RBCs, store glucose, secretes bile, and store iron and vitamins
Liver
96
Function is to store bile
Gallbladder
