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Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane in muscle of the cell

A

Sarcolemma

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2
Q

The name of the thick filaments in sarcomere

A

Myosin

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3
Q

What is the name of the thin filaments in a sarcomere?

A

Actin

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4
Q

What is the name of a bundle of muscle fibers?

A

Fascicle

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5
Q

What is a fascicle made up of?

A

A bundle of muscle fibers

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6
Q

What is a myofibril?

A

A muscle filament

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7
Q

What is the name of the membrane around many muscle fibers?

A

Perimysium

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8
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscles? (4)

A
  1. Produce movement
  2. Maintain posture
  3. Stabilize joints
  4. Generate heat
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9
Q

What is the name of the units that contract in a muscle?

A

Sarcomere

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10
Q

Which filament, actin or myosin, has cross-bridges?

A

Myosin

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11
Q

Which filament, actin or myosin, has binding sites?

A

Actin

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12
Q

What is the name of the cytoplasm in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasm

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13
Q

What is the name of the endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle cell?

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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14
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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15
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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16
Q

What does CP stand for?

A

Creatine phosphate

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17
Q

What is the name of the structure that attaches a muscle to a bone?

A

Tendon

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18
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that decomposes acetylcholine?

A

Acetylocholinesterase

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19
Q

What is the name of the fibrous connective tissue that holds a muscle in position and separates one muscle from another?

A

Fascia

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20
Q

What molecule allows ATP to be regenerated?

A

Creatine phosphate

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21
Q

Muscle fatigue occurs from the accumulation of what molecule?

A

Lactic acid

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22
Q

In the liver, what molecule is requires to convert lactic acid to glucose?

A

Oxygen

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23
Q

What is the name of a broad fibrous sheet of connective tissue?

A

Aponeurosis

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24
Q

What is an antagonist muscle group

A

Does the opposite movement

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25
What is a synergist muscle group?
Reduces undesirable movement
26
What is a prime mover?
Main muscle that does an action
27
What ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when an action potential comes?
Calcium
28
Can muscles ever push?
No
29
What is the origin of a muscle?
Attached the the immovable bone
30
What is the insertion of a muscle?
Attached to the bone that moves
31
Will the bulk of the muscle alway lie proximal to the bone it crosses?
Yes
32
All muscles have at least __ attachments
2
33
All skeletal muscles cross at least __ joint(s)
1
34
Does the origin move towards the insertion during muscle contraction?
No - insertion towards origin
35
What is acetylcholine?
A neurotransmitter
36
What is a neuromuscular junction?
Where a muscle and nerve join
37
What is an axon?
Part of a neuron - carries the action potential
38
What is a motor unit
A neuron and the muscle fibers it stimulates
39
What is a synaptic cleft?
The gap between the neuron and muscle
40
Which is faster: anaerobic or aerobic respiration
Anaerobic
41
Which produces 36 ATP per glucose: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?
Aerobic
42
Which produces 2 ATP per one glucose: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic
43
Which produces lactic acid: anaerobic or aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic
44
Which requires a continuous supply of oxygen: anaerobic glycosis or aerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration
45
Which does not require a continuous supply of oxygen: anaerobic glycosis or aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic glycosis
46
Fill in the blank CP + ___ = ___ + creatine
1. ADP | 2. ATP
47
What does rectus mean?
Vertical
48
Oblique
Diagonal
49
Transversus
Horizontal
50
Maximus
Biggest
51
Longus
Longest
52
Minimus
Smallest
53
Cytoplasm of a muscle cell
Sarcoplasm
54
Connective tissue around each muscle
Epimysium
55
The membrane that divides the muscle into compartments
Perimysium
56
The connective tissue that is around each muscle cell
Endomysium
57
What is another name for endomysium
Sarcolemma
58
What type of athlete would have mostly fast twitch muscle fibers?
Sprinter
59
Which type of athlete would have slow twitch muscle fibers?
Marathoner
60
What type of person would have about equal amounts of each type of fiber?
Average person
61
Muscle attatched to bones
Skeletal muscle
62
Muscles that are striated
Skeletal and cardiac
63
Muscles that have multiple nuclei
Skeletal
64
Voluntary muscles
Skeletal
65
Muscles that contract rapidly but tire quickly
Skeletal
66
Muscle with no striations
Smooth
67
Involuntary muscles
Smooth and cardiac
68
Muscles with a single nucleus
Smooth and cardiac
69
Muscle that is arranged in layers
Smooth
70
Muscle found in walls of organs
Skeletal
71
Muscle that is slow and rhythmic
Smooth
72
Cardiac is found in the
Heart
73
Muscle that is more rhythmic and slower than smooth muscles
Cardiac
74
Group of diseases that deteriorates muscle mass over time
Muscular dystrophy
75
Why does lifting weights create muscle mass?
Creates microtears in your muscle, heal overnight and come back stronger
76
Healthier eating leader to better performance - maintains energy, skin and bone health
Diet and athletic performance
77
Promote growth of the muscle, helps recovery time, increases mass - accelerates production and reduces body fat
Steroids
78
Overuse of muscle
Muscle stretch
79
Tearing of 5% or less of muscle
Muscle pull
80
Strain / excessive stretch in muscle
Muscle strain
81
Tear in more than 5% of muscle
Muscle tear
82
Lactic acid causes pain - stretching relieves pain. Warm-up loosens joints and increases blood flow. Cool down = gradual decrease in work-out - rolling out reduces lactic acid
Importance of a warm-up and cool-down

Anatomy (23 decks)

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