Digestive System2

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

Function, secrete mucus and transport food. pharynx to esophagus / behind mediastinum to stomach

Question 2

Layers of the esophagus

Answer 2

1. Relax muscular layer / tooth paste tube pushing food down
2. layer longitunial muscle contractions / moves up and down
3. layer lower esophagus 2 of them, its to open and close the esophagus

Question 3

Stomach location

Answer 3

Esophagus –> duodenum
Largest distensible 5 to 6 litters of storage

Question 4

Greater curvature lateral convex and Lesser curvature Medial side smaller curvature

Answer 4

J shaped

Question 5

Cardia

Answer 5

Notch attached to Heart

Question 6

Fundus

Answer 6

storage location

Question 7

Largest and most important part in The stomach

Answer 7

The body

Question 8

Each pyloric

Answer 8

Pyloric antrum, pyloric canal, pyloric sphincter

Question 9

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 9

closest to heart. It closes the sphincter so no flexus flows back in esophagus

Question 10

GERD

Answer 10

Gastro esophageal reflux disease

Question 11

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 11

top part of stomach poke through diaphragm

Question 12

Gastric folds of mucosa (rugae)

Answer 12

Longitudinal folds to allow stretching

Question 13

3 layers of muscle

Answer 13

Circular layer, oblique layer, longitudinal layer they all contract automatically

Question 14

functions of Stomach

Answer 14

mixer, reservoir, creates chyme, secretes gastric juice, some absorption in small intestine

Question 15

Gastric pits

Answer 15

Colombes of simple columnar cells
Gastric glands –> secrete gastrin activates 3,4 cells

Question 16

Surface mucous cell

Answer 16

producing mucus

Question 17

mucous neck

Answer 17

producing mucus

Question 18

Parietal cells:

Answer 18

HCI breaking down cells IF. Vitamin D12

Question 19

Chief cells

Answer 19

P, GL breaking down proteins and glyceride

Question 20

G cells

Answer 20

P, HCI

Question 21

Duodenum

Answer 21

25cm long, from pyloric sphincter down to small intestine / C and maybe U shaped

Question 22

Head of pancreas

Answer 22

pancreas points towards laterally to spleen

Question 23

Connection with duodenum and Pancreas

Answer 23

connected by ducts called: Pancreatic duct - connects bile duct to the hepatopancreatic ampulla guarded by sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 24

Where is Bile created

Answer 24

in the liver stored in bladder

Question 25

Right and Left ducts for liver

Answer 25

Cystic duct and common hepatic duct

Question 26

Pancreas acini

Answer 26

exocrine: pancreatic juice 1 - 1.5 L

Question 27

Pancreatic islet

Answer 27

endocrine: produces glucagon, insulin, somatostatin pancreatic polypeptide

Question 28

Function for pancreatic juice

Answer 28

Butter acidic gastric juice for small intestine (chyme) - Enzymes to digest triglyceride starch, RNA, DNA

Question 29

Liver, Gallbladder

Answer 29

Right lobe is bigger then left lobe

Question 30

Right liver

Answer 30

caudate lobe and Quadrant lobe

Question 31

Liver Receives what?

Answer 31

Liver receives blood from 2 structures 1. hepatic artery (red blood) 2. Hepatic portal vein (blue blood, rich blood)

Question 32

Gallbladder and 3 parts

Answer 32

10 cm long / Neck, body, fundus --> storage container for bile 1 L

Question 33

Bile made of what?

Answer 33

water, bile salts, lipids, cholesterol, bilirubin

Question 34

Bile role?

Answer 34

emulsifies and absorption of lipids --> needs bile to do any kind of break down

Question 35

Hepatocytes

Answer 35

Liver cells - organized in rows radiating out

Question 36

Hepatic laminae

Answer 36

Between rows

Question 37

whats between hepatic laminae?

Answer 37

Sinusoids - most filtrating ability of endothelium cells

Question 38

Portal triad

Answer 38

Bile duct, branch of hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein --> incoming blood

Question 39

Both hepatics filter where?

Answer 39

Both hepatics filter to the inferior vena cava

Question 40

Bile canaliculi?

Answer 40

come together to make bile duct L and R ducts

Question 41

Path of Bile?

Answer 41

Liver to duodenum