Endocrine System 2

Question 1

Location of Thyroid Gland

Answer 1

Mediastinum –> inferior to the cartilage of larynx

Question 2

Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx

Answer 2

Adams apple

Question 3

Thyroid Gland 2 lobes

Answer 3

left and right connected by the isthmus wrap around the predominantly made up of thyroid follicles

Question 4

isthmus of thyroid gland

Answer 4

connects 2 loves of thyroid gland

Question 5

Trachea

Answer 5

Tube wind pipe / rings of hyalin cartilage / incomplete c shape / runs behind the esophagus

Question 6

Pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland

Answer 6

only some people have it extends up from the isthmus superiorly

Question 7

Thyroid follicles

Answer 7

little round sac like structures / each sac has an exterior + inferior storage area microscope / millions all packed together

Question 8

T thyrocyte

Answer 8

Exterior wall / When stimulated by TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) produces thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Question 9

T3

Answer 9

triiodothyronine

Question 10

T4

Answer 10

tetraiodothyronine

Question 11

Thyroglobulin TGB

Answer 11

inferior storage / stored space inside the follicle required for synthesis of t3 and t4

Question 12

C thyrocytes

Answer 12

located between follicles however sometime located within walls produce hormone called calcitonin

Question 13

CT

Answer 13

Reduces blood calcium / inhibits osteoclast activity

Question 14

4 functions

Answer 14

1. oxygen use 2. basal metabolic rate 3. cellular metabolism 4. growth and development

Question 15

Hypothyroidism

Answer 15

under secretion of thyroid hormones + genetic disorder

Question 16

Myxedema

Answer 16

not treatable / facial swelling / lower HR / lower body temp / dry hair and skin

Question 17

Qoiter

Answer 17

Common in places where low amounts of iodine is consumed dont have enough iodine to produce T3 and T4

Question 18

Size of parathyroid glands

Answer 18

pea or raison embedded on back of the 2 thyroid lobes

Question 19

Dense principal parathyroid cell

Answer 19

much greater in number than pale cells (Parathormone)

Question 20

Pale principal parathyroid cell

Answer 20

very little known / larger then dense cells

Question 21

Capsule

Answer 21

around the thyroid parathyroid / even though embedded, still a capsule between them

Question 22

PTH functions 1

Answer 22

1. increase blood Ca and Mg in opposition to calcitonin raising blood Ca indirectly causes osteoclast activity to break down more bone and release it into the blood

Question 23

2 PTH functions

Answer 23

promote calcitriol formation in the kidneys / active form of vitamin D+ calcium from digestive tract (stomach/small intestine)

Question 24

Shape of suprarenal glands

Answer 24

pyramidal / 4 sided

Question 25

Suprarenal gland

Answer 25

right and left / contain cuter cortex + inner medulla

Question 26

Vascular

Answer 26

highly be producing hormones which have to make their way into blood supply be transported

Question 27

Suprarenal Cortex

Answer 27

Just deep to the capsule comprised of 3 distinct layers of cells