Human performance

Question 1

Direct influence

Answer 1

Deliberate attempt to recollect past experience to facilitate current information processing (remember someone name or memory sensory)

Question 2

Indirect influence

Answer 2

do not need to be conscious that memory is being used to influence performance (motor skills)

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

transmission of information into a form retainable in memory

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

holding of information

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

accessing information from storage after a time interval and use of information to guide behavior

Question 6

Multistore model

Answer 6

STSS -> STM -> LTM

Question 7

Short term sensory store

Answer 7

brief, duration is 250ms, capacity limitless, large amounts of info past through STSS but not much reaches the consciousness

Question 8

Short-term memory

Answer 8

information is selected on basis of relevance, 30s, temporary workspace, Acts as a storage system for information

Question 9

Working memory 1

Answer 9

information from STSS can be stored for processing

Question 10

working memory 2

Answer 10

information form LTM can be retrieved for processing and integrating with information from STSS

Question 11

work memory 3

Answer 11

effortful and limited capacity conscious processing (controlled processing) can be performed

Question 12

Central executive

Answer 12

proposed as control system of the model responsible for strategy selection, planning, monitoring task performance and coordinating other 2 components of WM

Question 13

Phonological loop

Answer 13

responsible for manipulating and maintaining speech based information within WM

Question 14

visuospatial sketchpad

Answer 14

responsible for generation manipulation, and retention of visual images

Question 15

Primacy-recency effect

Question 16

Long term memory

Answer 16

information is seemingly limitless, very abstract coding, seemingly limitless capacity

Question 17

Types of memory

Answer 17

Declarative and procedural

Question 18

declarative

Answer 18

can be expressed (explicit) and assists us in knowing what to do
Episodic: autographical memory for events in given time and place
Semantic: meaningful facts not tied to time and place

Question 19

Procedural

Answer 19

memory storage of skills and procedures

Question 20

Recall

Answer 20

recovery of information as a result of conscious search

Question 21

Recognition

Answer 21

automatic recovery of information as a result of an external stimulus

Question 22

Decay theory

Answer 22

(spontaneous decay) we can no longer recall information from our memory because of disuse

Question 23

Interference theory

Answer 23

due to competing responded between criterion tasks and task that have been learned before and after

Question 24

Retroactive

Answer 24

new information interferes with older information

Question 25

Proactive

Answer 25

earlier information projects itself forward

Question 26

Endogenous attention

Answer 26

top-down, goal driver attention (internal influence)

Question 27

Exogenous attention

Answer 27

bottom-up, stimulus driver (external influence)

Question 28

sustained attention

Answer 28

vigilance, stay focus on one task for continous time without distractions

Question 29

Vigilance level

Answer 29

an overall ability to detect signals

Question 30

Vigilance decrement

Answer 30

decrease in performance

Question 31

Selective attention

Answer 31

select from and focus only on the stimuli you want to attend to

Question 32

Intentional

Answer 32

purposefully choose to attend to one source of information

Question 33

incidental

Answer 33

a response to an external stimulus

Question 34

limits of selective attention

Answer 34

change blindness and inattention blindness

Question 35

change blindness

Answer 35

reflects a strong role of memory, and expectation as to what to attend to and what we become aware of

Question 36

Inattention blindness

Answer 36

the failure to see certain sensory events when focusing on others events

Question 37

Multitasking

Answer 37

the ability to switch focus back and forth between tasks requiring different cognitive demands (one task performance declines

Question 38

Distraction

Answer 38

the process of diverting attention from a desired area of focus Blocking or diminishing the reception of desired information

Question 39

Directing attentional focus

Answer 39

broad external, broad internal, narrow external, narrow internal

Question 40

The inverted U hypothesis

Question 41

Proprioceptive

Answer 41

State of the body

Question 42

Exteroceptive

Answer 42

state of the environment

Question 43

sensory information (exteroception)

Answer 43

vision and audition

Question 44

sensory information (proprioception)

Answer 44

vestibular, apparatus, joint receptors, muscle spindles, Golgi tendon, organs

Question 45

Vision

Answer 45

70% of all sensory receptors are located in the eyes 40% of cerebral cortex thought to be involved in processing visual information

Question 46

Snellen eye chart

Answer 46

used to determine static visual acuity

Question 47

Dynamic visual acuity

Answer 47

allows you to see details of moving objects

Question 48

visual acuity and exercise

Answer 48

visual acuity found to increase following exercise

Question 49

Eye dominance

Answer 49

one eye processes information and transmits it to the brain more quickly than the other

Question 50

Spotting

Answer 50

used in rotational skills Rotation of head delayed relative to bodys rotation

Question 51

Visual search

Answer 51

scanning the environment to locate critical cues Gaze fixation: during a scan, gaze may land on one location

Question 52

quiet eye

Answer 52

final fixation located on a target or object before movement Elite performers: longer, earlier onset, and of more optimal duration

Question 53

Targeting skills

Answer 53

fixed: stable and predictable Abstract: target fixed but optimal aiming location difficult to detect Moving: mover must anticipate targets impending location

Question 54

Interceptive skills

Answer 54

1. track a moving stimulus 2. decide when and or where stimulus will arrive 3. determine and execute appropriate movement

Question 55

Conceptual model

Question 56

Open loop control

Answer 56

taking out the feedback system (very quick)

Question 57

Characteristics of open loop control

Answer 57

1, advance instructions specify operations, sequence and timing 2. system executes instructions without modification 3. no capability to detect or correct error 4. most effective in stable, predictable environments

Question 58

Motor program

Answer 58

blue print stored in long-term memory

Question 59

idea

Answer 59

running a motor program Retrieved and prepared during response programming

Question 60

Problems in motor program theory

Answer 60

Novelty problem storage problem

Question 61

Generalized motor program GMP

Answer 61

Remain the same -> invariant features Change each time -> parameters

Question 62

Invariant features remain the same

Answer 62

Sequence and relative timing