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Digestive Tract Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What are the structures of the Digestive Tract?

A

oral cavity -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> large intestine -> anus

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Alimentary canal?

A

To obtain molecules necessary for maintenance, growth, and energy from food for the body.

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3
Q

Introduction of food and liquid into the oral cavity

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

Chewing, which divides solid food into digestible pieces

A

Mastication

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5
Q

Muscular movements of materials through the tract

A

Motility

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6
Q

What are the four main layers of the GI Tract

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

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7
Q

__separates the mucosa from submucosa allowing local movements of the mucosa

A

Muscularis Mucosae

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8
Q

How are the muscularis smooth muscles organized in the muscularis externa?

A 
Internal sublayer (closest to lumen) the fiber orientation is generally circular
External Sublayer is longitudinal
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9
Q

Where is the myenteric Nerve Plexus located?

A

Muscularis Externa

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10
Q

Where is the Meisnner Plexus located?

A

Submucosa

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11
Q

The Submucosal and Myenteric nerve plexus constitute the ___

A

Enteric Nervous system

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12
Q

What functions are controlled by the myenteric nerve plexus?

A

contractions of the muscularis, mixing and propelling the luminal contents forward in the alimentary canal

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13
Q

What is the serosa continuous with in the abdominal cavity

A

Mesenteries

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14
Q

____are thin membranes covered by mesothelium on both sides that support the intestines

A

Mesenteries

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15
Q

Mesenteries are continuous with__

A

Peritoneum

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16
Q

___is a serous membrane that lines the cavity and is continuous with mesenteries

A

Peritoneum

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17
Q

When is the fourth outer layer a serosa and when is it an adventitia?

A

Wherever the digestive tract is NOT suspended in a cavity but bound to adjacent structures, like the esophagus, the serosa is replaced by a thick adventitia

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18
Q

What is different beetween the adventitia and the serosa?

A

lacks mesothelium and merges with surrounding tissue

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19
Q

What is the advantage of having keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

It resist damage from abrasion

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20
Q

Where do we see keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

In the masticatory mucosa on the gingiva (gums) and hard palate

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21
Q

Where do we see non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in the oral cavity?

A

Predominantly in the lining mucosa; soft palate, cheeks, floor of mouth, and pharynx

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22
Q

What are the three different parts of the lips?

A
  • internal mucous surface
  • red vermillion zone
  • outer surface has thin skin
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23
Q

What is the function of the tongue?

Study These Flashcards
A

manipulates ingested material during mastication and swallowing

24
Q

The papillary and tonsillar areas of the lingual surface are separated by a V-shaped groove called the___

Study These Flashcards
A

Sulcus Terminalis

25
What are the four types of lingual papillae?
- filiform papillae - fungiform papillae - foliate papillae - vallate (circumvallate) papillae
26
Describe Filiform Papillae
- Very numerous - Heavily Keratinized - Provide rough surface that facilitates movement of food during chewing
27
Describe Fungiform Papillae
- Less numerous than filiform papillae - lightly keratinized - interspersed among filiform papillae - innervated cores of lamina propria
28
Describe Foliate Papillae
- found on each side of tongue | - rudimentary in humans
29
Describe Vallate Papillae
- LArgest papillae - 8-12 of them aligned in front of terminal sulcus - salivary glands empty into grooves around them
30
____sample the general chemical composition of ingested material
Taste Buds
31
Where are taste buds NOT found?
Keratinized filiform papillae
32
What are the 5 broad categories of tastants?
- sour - sweet - bitter - umami - salty
33
What produces salt and sour tastes
Ion channels
34
What produces umami, bitter, and sweet taste
Mediated by G-protein coupled receptors
35
How many teeth are in humans? What is the ammount of each type of tooth in each quadrant
``` 32 permanent teeth Each quadrant: - two incisors -one canine -two premolars -three permanent molars ```
36
From top to bottom what are the three parts of the tooth?
Crown, Neck, and root
37
Where do roots fit firmly into?
The bony sockets in the jaw called DENTAL ALVEOLI
38
The crown of a tooth is covered by___the roots of a tooth are covered by a bone-like tissue called ___
enamel; cementum
39
The bulk of a tooth is composed of __
dentin
40
____is the hardest component of the human body
Enamel
41
The ___transports swallowed material from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
42
___glands lubricate and protect the mucosa in the esophagus
Esophageal glands
43
Near the stomach the mucosa also contains groups of glands, ____ which secrete additional mucus
Esophageal Cardiac Glands
44
What are the 4 main functions of the stomach?
- continue carbohydrate digestion started by amylase of saliva - add acidic fluid to ingested food and mix its contents into chyme, by churning of muscularis layer - begin digestion of triglycerides by secreting lipase - to promote initial digestion of proteins with enyme pepsin
45
The ___is the region of the stomach that opens into the small intestine
Pylorus
46
___are large longitudinal folds in the stomach that flatten when the stomach fills with food
Rugae
47
___cells in the stomach secrete a less alkaline mucous secretion than surface epithelial mucous cells
Mucous Neck Cells
48
___cells produce hydrochloric acid
Parietal Cells
49
Villi in the small intestine are covered by absorptive cells called ___
enterocytes
50
Apical end of each enterocyte displays a prominent ordered region called the __
brush border
51
What three things greatly increase the surface area in the small intestine
Microvilli (increase 20 fold) Villi (10-fold) Plicae Circulares (3-fold)
52
Functions of the large intestine include:
- absorb water and electrolytes | - form indigestible materials into feces
53
___is where feces is stored prior to evacuation
Rectum
54
The wall of the colon is puckered into a series of large sacs called ___
haustra
55
Fibers in the outter layer of the muscularis in the colon are gathered in three separate longitudinal bands called ___
teniae coli

Histology (6 decks)

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