discontent Flashcards
October manifesto:
who was it by?
1905
Sergei Witte
October manifesto:
What did it convince who to do?
who was repressed?
What did it establish?
Convinced Octobrists and Kadets to distance themselves from the working class
The strikers were repressed.
Established the Duma
Duma:
what was it?
who was it dominated by?
what was a negative of the Duma?
What did the exclusion of socialists do?
what did this bring about?
national parliament
dominated by rightists
had little legislative power.
exclusion of socialists perhaps limited the Tsar’s influence
But this brought about more radical elements of the workers movement
War: what was the progressive bloc?
in what way was the Tsar’s treatment of the Duma a failure?
progressive bloc was a political alliance of Duma deputies.
Tsarist regime had alienated their most likely liberal allies in the Duma by rejecting the progressive bloc’s demand for a government of confidence
Industry Reforms:
Between when?
what had been laid?
what had quadrupled?
1890-1914
56,000 miles of railway had been laid
coal production quadrupled
Industry issues:
the railway could not deliver to both…
why was management poor?
By 1916- the value of real wages of industrial workers was _______
the railway could not deliver to both military and civilians
ministers approved by the Tsarina were incompetent
halved
Peasants:
What did 1905 see the creation of? Example?
Examples of acts of defiance by peasants+ why?
How did Stolypin respond?(2)
why did this never get finished?
What was the main reason for peasant unrest?
Peasant organisations- All Russian Peasants Union
seizure of noble and church lands, burning down property- due to famines
harsh repression
allowed peasants to withdraw from the mir and own their own plots of land
Stolyin assassinated 1911
government unable to pay for high prices for grain
Effect of the war on economy:
By what percentage had inflation increased?
How much had the price of flour increased by?
How had the army rations changed due to lack of food?
Disruption of supplies meant what was in short supply?
what had to close and what did this cause?
What did lack of fuel mean?
why was there a grain shortage?
200%
500%
decrease from 4000-2000 calories a day
food, goods and raw materials in short supply
hundreds factories had to close and thousands of people let off
lack of fuel meant people went cold as well as hungry
railway underdeveloped to supply food to both the troops and the civilians- was not a lack of grain, the transport system wasn’t good enough to transport it
How was the war itself unpopular:
3) weaknesses:
How many soldiers mobilised v how many rifles?
who said what about 1915
urban population 1914-16
Incompetent generals appointed on family ties not merit
Uneducated Russian army
Underdeveloped industry
6.5 million soldiers mobilised v 4.6 million rifles
Richard Pipes- “By 1915 the spirit of common purpose that had united the government and opposition had vanished.”
22-26 million( 4 million)
How was the war itself unpopular: failures
When was the battle of Tannenberg?
how many Russians killed or wounded?
Brusilov offensive:
who was it against?
killed or wounded how many?
how many prisoners?
How many Russian deaths?
How many desertions 1916?
1914
Russians 30,000- 70,000 killed or wounded
Against Austro Hungarian army
200,000 dead or wounded
400,000–408,000 prisoners
500,000 Russian Deaths
1.5 million
