Collectivisation

Question 1

Reasons for collectivisation:
NEP
Communists
Mir
Mechs

Robert Conquest

Answer 1

By 1928-Signs NEP failing
Communists wanted to abolish private property
Role of the Mir strengthened- Peasants reverted to conservative, inefficient harvesting methods
Mechanisation of agriculture would mean less people required to work the land and would move into industry
collectivisation was in part a war on remaining nationalist elements, particularly in Ukraine

Question 2

1928:
What did Stalin call for?
What was the context that Dekulakisation took place within?
% of grain harvest requisitioned 1928

Answer 2

Stalin called for ‘a resolute offensive against the Kulaks’
Dekulakisation took place within the context of the early show trials beginning with ‘bourgeois specialists’

14%

Question 3

1929:
What was the percentage of farms collectivised?
What was the grain harvest?

Answer 3

1929
55% of farms collectivised
71 million tonnes of grain

Question 4

1930:Resistance:
How many peasant uprisings?
What was there a campaign to do?
What was the peasants response?
Excess: how  did Stalin react?(2)
What was the percentage of farms collectivised?
What was the grain harvest?

Answer 4

130,000 Peasant uprisings
Campaign to socialise all livestock
Peasants killed 25-30% of all cows, sheep and pigs
17 million horses killed.

In Pravda- accused local officials of being dizzy with success
23% collective farms 1930
83 million tonnes

Question 5

1930:Dekulakisation by 1930
How many people displaced by dekulakisation?
How many people shot?

Answer 5

2.6 million displaced
1.8 million deported to another area of the soviet union
400,000 moved to an area within their own province
390,000 in prison camps

21,000 shot

Question 6

Grain harvest 1931?

Answer 6

69 million tonnes

Question 7

1932: What was put in place to prevent disaster?

Answer 7

Peasants were allowed to sell their grain if they had any in excess

Question 8

1932:
What happened?
Where was most effected?
How many people died?
Who argued that collectivisation was in part a war on remaining nationalist elements, particularly in Ukraine

Answer 8

Famine-poor harvest- Peasants failed to meet their quota

• instead of decreasing quota, the government enforced it.
• Ukrain, Kazakhstan, Volga region
• 5-8 million deaths

Robert Conquest.

Question 9

1933: Organisation
How many collective farms?
What was a Motor Tractor Station?
How many Motor Tractor Stations?

Answer 9

250,000 collective farms
used to support collective farms, but also had a political unit which rooted out troublemakers and anti communists
One MTS for every 30 collective farms

Question 10

1935:

What percentage of households collectivised?

Answer 10

85%

Question 11

1940

Percentage of grain harvest requisitioned

Answer 11

39%

Question 12

Success of collectivisation:
Consolidating what?
How large was the increase in industrial production?
How many Tractors provided?
Increase in % of grain harvest requisitioned 1928-1940?
How much did grain exports increase?
Less reliance on?
Failure of agriculture...
industry?

Answer 12

Successful in:
consolidating the communist regime’s control over the peasantry
-10% increase in industrial production?
-75,000 tractors produced
-14%-39%
less than 1 million to 5 million
-less reliance on imported agricultural products allowed for greater investment in foreign machinery
-failure of agriculture drove more peasants into towns and factories in search of a better life
-agriculture felt all negative effects while industry was unharmed.

Question 13

failures of collectivisation:

Answer 13

famine
only 10% increase in industrial output
Grain harvest not as large despite higher amount being requisitioned.

7% of farms remained uncollectivised and accounted for half the meat and milk.