Rise to power

Question 1

When did lenin have a series of strokes?

What was the most powerful part of government and key to the power struggle?

Answer 1

1922

politburo

Question 2

when was lenins testament written?
when was it meant to be read out?
what did it accuse trotsky of?
what did it accuse stalin of?
what did it accuse kamanev and zinoviev of?
what did it accuse bukharin of?

Answer 2

written 1923
Party congress May 1924
-accused trotsky of arrogance and too willing to use violence
-accused stalin of impatience and rudeness and urged for him to not be allowed to attain positions of extreme power and even for him to be replaced
–reminded the cc that zinoviev and kamanev had been disloyal to the party- vote 10/2
-argued bukharin did not fully understand lenins ideology

Question 3

Stalin:
when and where was he born?
how wealthy was his family
when did he join the bolsheviks?
sentto

Answer 3

1879 in Georgia
poor
1903
sent to siberia

Question 4

when did trotsky join the bolsheviks?

when did he lose his position in the politburo?

Answer 4

mid 1917

1927

Question 5

tomsky:

what was his position?

Answer 5

chairman of the central council of trade unions

Question 6

when did bukharin join the bolsheviks?

what did lenin and bukharin disagree over?

Answer 6

1906

ending of the first world war and introduction of nep

Question 7

What was stalins first position and date?
what position did he then assume and date?
what did he initiate?date?how many people joined the communist party?

Answer 7

head of orgburo 1919
assumed secretary general 1922- put him in charge of party organisation
initiated lenin enrolment 1924- 128,000

Question 8

NEP: who was on the left?
what did they support?
who led the right? what did he support?
What did stalin support?when did he change?

Answer 8

trotsky, zinoviev, kamanev
- end nep and focus on rapid industrialisation
led by bukharin
-argued it was stabilising the economy
supported nep until 1928 then switched

Question 9

socialism in one country v permanent revolution
who created socialism in one country and when?
who supported world revolution?

Answer 9

stalin-socialism in one country 1924

the left supported world revolution and stalin until 1924

Question 10

what was the triumvirate?when was this formed?
what did trotsky attack zinoviev and kamanev in?
when did stalin switch to support bukharin?
what di dzinoviev and kamanev call for?date?
what was the united opposition and when?
what did they try and do?what was the outcome of this?

Answer 10

stalin, kamanev and zinoviev v trotsky- 1924
lessons of october
1925-supported bukharin
vote of no confidence-1925-14th party congress
trotsky and zinoviev and kamanev-1926
call for demonstrations in moscow- was accused of factionalism and expelled from the party 1927

Question 11

when did stalin turn against nep?
when was bukharin outvoted by stalin?
who was removed from the party?

Answer 11

1928
1929
bukharin, rykov, tomsky

Question 12

outcomes:trotsky- when did he lose his position as commissar for___________
when was he excluded?
when did trotskky refuse to recant?
when was he assassined?

Answer 12

1925-military affairs
1927
1928
1940

Question 13

outcomes:kamanev
when did he lose his politburo seat and lost his position as ________
when did he get excluded?
when did he recant?

Answer 13

leader of the comintern 1926
1927
1928

Question 14

outcomes:bukharin, rykov, tomsky
when did they lose their posts?what were they accused of?
…all recanted…
what did bukharin make a major contribution to? what didnt this save him from?

Answer 14

1929- right deviation
writing the soviet constitution of 1936
trial and executions in the 30s

Question 15

reasons for the great turn(4)

Answer 15

• to have a well developed industry to manufacture weapons and munitions for war
• build a heavy industrial base to be less dependent of western powers
• socialism could only be achieved n a highly industrialised state where majority of the population are workers
• stalin wanted to catch up with the west’s standard of living and wanted to prove himself as a leader

Question 16

first 5 year plan date:

• emphasis on:
• what % of investment did heavy industry account for?
• coal output from start of 1st 5 year plan to start of 2nd 5 year plan
• electricity production

Answer 16

october 1928- december 1932
heavy industry
 80%
coal: 35.5-76.3 million tonnes 1928-1933
elec: 5 billion-16 billion million kwth

Question 17

weaknesses of first 5 year plan:
plans unr...
consumer...
skilled...
how did the average towns population increase every week in the early stages of the 5 year plan?why?

Answer 17

-plans hopelessly unrealistic and officials often fabricated results
-little growth in consumer industries and neglect of consumer goods
-severe lack of skilled workers
50,000- peasants move into towns

Question 18

showpiece projects begun by the 5 year plans

by what date whas magnitogorsk a significant mining city with a popullation of over _________

Answer 18

dnieper dam
hydroelectric power station
Magnitogorsk in the urals- by 1932- significant mining and industrial city with a population of over 250,000

Question 19

collectivisation:
when did it start?
reasons for collectivisation

Answer 19

1928

• communists wanted to abolish private property and replace private farming with state run farms
• communists hoped the peasants would see the superiority of socialist methods and embrace socialism
• by 1928-clear signs nep was failing blamed on kulaks
• larger unit s of land could be farmed more effectively through mechanisation
• mechanised agriculture would require fewer peasants to work the land, releasing labour for new industries.

Question 20

collectivisation
how many motor tractor stations?what were they for?
how many tractors were provided?
what did molotov announce and when?
name of collective and state farms?
how many ___ were sent to enforce___________
how many people deported to siberia?

Answer 20

2500
used to support collective farms, but also had a political unit which rooted out troublemakers and anti communists
75,000
‘liquidation of the kulaks as a class’ 1929
kolkhoz sovkhoz
25,000 urban party activists sent to enforce collectivisation and dekulakisation- deportation, shot or expelled off land
up to 10 million people deported

Question 21

success of collectivisation:
how much did state procurement of grain increase?by what dates?
how much did grain exports increase? by what dates?
what did failure of agriculture mean?

what % of farms remained private?
how much did they contribute to the meat and milk

Answer 21

doubled from 10 to 20 million tonnes 1929-1933
less than 1 million to 5 million by 1931
many peasants fled to cities to work in industry
7%
doubled the meat and milk produced by state farms.

Question 22

collectivisation
what percentage of all cattle, pigs and sheep were slaughtered and eaten by the peasants?
how many horses killed?
grain harvest 1928, 1930, 1931:
when was the famine? how many people died?why did it happen?

Answer 22

25-30%
17 million
73 million tonnes
83 million tonnes
69 million tonnes
1932-33- 5-8 million deaths- stalin punished the peasants for their failure to meet state production targets and resistance to collectivisation by refusing to accept international offers of aid.

Question 23

stakhanovite movement:
start date:
how many times more coal did he mine?

Answer 23

30 august 1935
14 times
workers encouraged to work like him.

Question 24

when was the second 5 year plan?
greater emphasis on\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?
what benefitted?
by 1937, the ussr was\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
chemical industries like\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
what were known as the three good years?

Answer 24

january 1933- december 1937
communications like the railway to link cities
heavy industries benefitted from plants set up during the first plan- electricity production expanded rapidly
essentially self sufficient in machine making
chemical industries like fertiliser were growing
1934-36: rationing was stopped and families had more disposable income

Question 25

limitations of the second 5 year plan

Answer 25

oil production did not make expected advances

consumer goods still neglected- some growth in footwear and food processing was shown but still lagging

Question 26

3rd 5 year plan:
date:
heavy industry…
resources diverted to…

Answer 26

january 1938-june 1941
heavy industry was still prioritised, machinery and engineering, but some areas did poorly
resources were diverted to defence and armaments which allowed them to grow rapidly

Question 27

weaknesses of 3rd 5 year plan

Answer 27

steel output grew insignificantly
oil production failed to meet targets and led to a fuel crisis
consumer industries took the back seat, many factories ran short of materials
difficulties due to harsh winter
gosplan was thrown into chaos due to the purges- due to shortage of specialists, managers, engineers and qualified personnel

Question 28

overall success of 5 year plans:
electricity output ______
coal output
2 factories built to exploit russias natural recources:
what % of the labour force by the end of the 1st 5 year plan were peasants?
how was transport improved?

Answer 28

5-48milliards kwhs  1927-1940
35-165
magnitogorsk and Tula
over half
moscow metro and volga canal