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Immunology and Serology [LEC] > [DISCUSSION] ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

[DISCUSSION] ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

•Develops as a response to infection
and adapts to the infection

A

ADAPTIVE

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2
Q

•Potent protective responses are
acquired by experience

A

•“Specific”
•“Acquired”

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3
Q

Adaptive/ Acquired/ Specific Immunity
•COMPONENTS:

A

•Lymphocytes and their products

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4
Q

Features of Adaptive Immunity

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Diversity
  3. Memory
  4. Clonal expansion
  5. Specialization
  6. Self-limitation
  7. Discrimination of self from /mfechan nonself
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5
Q

• Ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific
responses

A
  1. Specificity
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6
Q

• Enables immune system to respond to a large
variety of antigens

A
  1. Diversity
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7
Q

• Leads to enhanced responses to repeated
exposures to the same antigens

A
  1. Memory
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8
Q

•Increases number of antigen-specific
lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes

A
  1. Clonal Expansion
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9
Q

•Generate responses that are optimal for
defense against different types of
microbes

A
  1. Specialization
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10
Q

•Allows immune system to respond to newly
encountered antigens

A
  1. Self-limitation
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11
Q

•Prevents injury to the host during
responses to foreign antigens

A
  1. Discrimination of self from nonself
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12
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity

A
  1. Active Immunity
  2. Passive immunity
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13
Q
  1. Active Immunity
A

• Natural Active
• Artificial active

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14
Q
  1. Passive immunity
A

• Natural Passive
• Artificial Passive

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15
Q

Onset of immunity ACTIVE

A

Slow/ acquired gradually (5 – 14 d)

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16
Q

Onset of immunity PASSIVE

A

Immediate

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17
Q

Duration of effect ACTIVE

A

Long-term

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18
Q

Duration of effect PASSIVE

A

Short term

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19
Q

Source ACTIVE

A

Self

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20
Q

Source PASSIVE

A

Non-self

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21
Q

Immunizing agent ACTIVE

A

Antigen

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22
Q

Immunizing agent PASSIVE

A

Immune serum (Ab’s)

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23
Q

Relative effectiveness ACTIVE

A

Small

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24
Q

Relative effectiveness PASSIVE

A

Large

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25
Relative effective dosage required ACTIVE
Small
26
Relative effective dosage required PASSIVE
Large
27
Route of injection ACTIVE
IM, ID
28
Route of injection PASSIVE
IV
29
Function ACTIVE
Prophylactic
30
Function PASSIVE
Therapeutic, prophylactic
31
Duality of the immune system
1.Humoral Immunity 2. Cell-mediated Immunity
32
Responding B cell
Naive (virgin) B cell Memory B cell
33
Responding B cell
34
Lag period antigen administration
35
Time of peak of response
36
Magnitude of antibody response
37
Isotype produced
38
Antigens
39
Antibody affinity
40
Cells of Adaptive Immunity
B-CELLS/ B LYMPHOCYTES T CELLS/ T LYMPHOCYTES ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS NAÏVE LYMPHOCYTES EFFECTOR LYMPHOCYTES MEMORY CELLS
41
B-CELLS/ B LYMPHOCYTES
1. FOLLICULAR B-CELLS 2. B-1 CELLS 3. MARGINAL ZONE B CELL
42
T CELLS/ T LYMPHOCYTES
1. CD4+ HELPER T-CELLS 2. CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES (CTLs) 3. CD4+ REGULATORY T-CELLS
43
ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
1. DENDRITIC CELLS 2. MACROPHAGES 3. B-CELLS
44
•cells that produce antibodies
B cells
45
•were so called because in birds they were found to mature in an organ called the bursa of Fabricius
B cells
46
refers to bone marrow–derived lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
47
express surface antibodies that act as receptors for specific antigen
Mature B cells
48
•All antibodies on this cell, irrespective of the classes or combinations of classes, have the same antigen specificity.
B cell
49
•the most numerous type of B cells in the body
Follicular B cells
50
•are found in lymphoid tissues and blood
Follicular B cells
51
express highly diverse, clonally distributed sets of antibodies that serve as cell surface antigen receptors and as the key secreted effector molecules of adaptive humoral immunity /mfecha
Follicular B cells
52
•give rise to most of the high-affinity antibodies and memory B cells that protect people from repeat infections by the same microbes.
Follicular B cells
53
•make up a minority of B cells and produce antibodies with very limited diversity
B-1 cells
54
•found mainly in mucosal tissues and the peritoneal and pleural cavities
B-1 cells
55
•make up a minority of B cells and produce antibodies with very limited diversity
Marginal zone B cells
56
•present mainly in the spleen
Marginal zone B cells
57
•mediators of cellular immunity
T Cells
58
•arise from precursor cells in the bone marrow, which migrate to and mature in the thymus
T Cells
59
required for the full expression of immunity
T Cells
60
T cells regulate:
• antibody production • cellular immune reactions • killing of altered cells
61
cells can act as regulatory cells that modulate the activities of other T cells, macrophages, or B cells
T cells
62
•Regulation can take the form of help or suppression.
T Cells
63
mediate cellular immunity reactions through the production of cytokines
T Cells
64
promote proliferation and differentiation of T cells and attract or activate other elements of the immune system (i.e., stimulate immune responses)
cytokines
65
can interact directly with target cells and destroy virus- infected cells, foreign tissues, or tumor cells
T Cells
66
•As cytotoxic cells, T cells are the major cells involved in viral, transplantation, and tumor immunity.
T Cells

Immunology and Serology [LEC] (15 decks)

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