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Immunology and Serology [LEC] > [DISCUSSION] ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY > Flashcards

[DISCUSSION] ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Flashcards

1
Q

•Develops as a response to infection
and adapts to the infection

A

ADAPTIVE

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2
Q

•Potent protective responses are
acquired by experience

A

•“Specific”
•“Acquired”

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3
Q

Adaptive/ Acquired/ Specific Immunity
•COMPONENTS:

A

•Lymphocytes and their products

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4
Q

Features of Adaptive Immunity

A
  1. Specificity
  2. Diversity
  3. Memory
  4. Clonal expansion
  5. Specialization
  6. Self-limitation
  7. Discrimination of self from /mfechan nonself
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5
Q

• Ensures that distinct antigens elicit specific
responses

A
  1. Specificity
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6
Q

• Enables immune system to respond to a large
variety of antigens

A
  1. Diversity
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7
Q

• Leads to enhanced responses to repeated
exposures to the same antigens

A
  1. Memory
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8
Q

•Increases number of antigen-specific
lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes

A
  1. Clonal Expansion
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9
Q

•Generate responses that are optimal for
defense against different types of
microbes

A
  1. Specialization
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10
Q

•Allows immune system to respond to newly
encountered antigens

A
  1. Self-limitation
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11
Q

•Prevents injury to the host during
responses to foreign antigens

A
  1. Discrimination of self from nonself
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12
Q

Types of Acquired Immunity

A
  1. Active Immunity
  2. Passive immunity
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13
Q
  1. Active Immunity
A

• Natural Active
• Artificial active

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14
Q
  1. Passive immunity
A

• Natural Passive
• Artificial Passive

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15
Q

Onset of immunity ACTIVE

A

Slow/ acquired gradually (5 – 14 d)

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16
Q

Onset of immunity PASSIVE

A

Immediate

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17
Q

Duration of effect ACTIVE

A

Long-term

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18
Q

Duration of effect PASSIVE

A

Short term

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19
Q

Source ACTIVE

A

Self

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20
Q

Source PASSIVE

A

Non-self

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21
Q

Immunizing agent ACTIVE

A

Antigen

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22
Q

Immunizing agent PASSIVE

A

Immune serum (Ab’s)

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23
Q

Relative effectiveness ACTIVE

A

Small

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24
Q

Relative effectiveness PASSIVE

A

Large

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25
Q

Relative effective dosage
required ACTIVE

A

Small

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26
Q

Relative effective dosage
required PASSIVE

A

Large

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27
Q

Route of injection ACTIVE

A

IM, ID

28
Q

Route of injection PASSIVE

A

IV

29
Q

Function ACTIVE

A

Prophylactic

30
Q

Function PASSIVE

A

Therapeutic, prophylactic

31
Q

Duality of the immune system

A

1.Humoral Immunity

  1. Cell-mediated Immunity
32
Q

Responding B cell

A

Naive (virgin) B cell
Memory B cell

33
Q

Responding B cell

A
34
Q

Lag period antigen administration

A
35
Q

Time of peak of response

A
36
Q

Magnitude of antibody response

A
37
Q

Isotype produced

A
38
Q

Antigens

A
39
Q

Antibody affinity

A
40
Q

Cells of Adaptive Immunity

A

B-CELLS/ B LYMPHOCYTES
T CELLS/ T LYMPHOCYTES
ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
NAÏVE LYMPHOCYTES
EFFECTOR LYMPHOCYTES
MEMORY CELLS

41
Q

B-CELLS/ B LYMPHOCYTES

A
  1. FOLLICULAR B-CELLS
  2. B-1 CELLS
  3. MARGINAL ZONE B CELL
42
Q

T CELLS/ T LYMPHOCYTES

A
  1. CD4+ HELPER T-CELLS
  2. CD8+ CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES (CTLs)
  3. CD4+ REGULATORY T-CELLS
43
Q

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

A
  1. DENDRITIC CELLS
  2. MACROPHAGES
  3. B-CELLS
44
Q

•cells that produce antibodies

A

B cells

45
Q

•were so called because in birds they were
found to mature in an organ called the bursa
of Fabricius

A

B cells

46
Q

refers to bone
marrow–derived lymphocytes

A

B lymphocytes

47
Q

express surface
antibodies that act as receptors for
specific antigen

A

Mature B cells

48
Q

•All antibodies on this cell, irrespective of
the classes or combinations of classes,
have the same antigen specificity.

A

B cell

49
Q

•the most numerous type of B
cells in the body

A

Follicular B cells

50
Q

•are found in lymphoid tissues
and blood

A

Follicular B cells

51
Q

express highly diverse, clonally distributed
sets of antibodies that serve as cell
surface antigen receptors and as the key
secreted effector molecules of adaptive
humoral immunity
/mfecha

A

Follicular B cells

52
Q

•give rise to most of the high-affinity
antibodies and memory B cells that protect
people from repeat infections by the same
microbes.

A

Follicular B cells

53
Q

•make up a minority of B cells and
produce antibodies with very limited
diversity

A

B-1 cells

54
Q

•found mainly in mucosal tissues and
the peritoneal and pleural cavities

A

B-1 cells

55
Q

•make up a minority of B cells and
produce antibodies with very
limited diversity

A

Marginal zone B cells

56
Q

•present mainly in the spleen

A

Marginal zone B cells

57
Q

•mediators of cellular immunity

A

T Cells

58
Q

•arise from precursor cells in the bone
marrow, which migrate to and mature in the
thymus

A

T Cells

59
Q

required for the full expression
of immunity

A

T Cells

60
Q

T cells regulate:

A

• antibody production
• cellular immune reactions
• killing of altered cells

61
Q

cells can act as regulatory cells
that modulate the activities of
other T cells, macrophages, or B
cells

A

T cells

62
Q

•Regulation can take the form of help
or suppression.

A

T Cells

63
Q

mediate cellular immunity reactions
through the production of cytokines

A

T Cells

64
Q

promote proliferation and
differentiation of T cells and attract or
activate other elements of the immune
system (i.e., stimulate immune responses)

A

cytokines

65
Q

can interact directly with
target cells and destroy virus-
infected cells, foreign tissues, or
tumor cells

A

T Cells

66
Q

•As cytotoxic cells, T cells are the major cells
involved in viral, transplantation, and tumor
immunity.

A

T Cells

Immunology and Serology [LEC] (15 decks)

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