Disease Of The Respiratory Tract

Question 1

The respiratory tract is transmitted how?

Answer 1

Droplet and air

Question 2

What are the 2 major entry into the body for respiratory tract?

Answer 2

Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract

Question 3

What are some examples of upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

Nose, pharynx

Question 4

What are some examples of lower respiratory tract?

Answer 4

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli of the lungs

Question 5

What are the defenses of the respiratory tract? (3)

Answer 5

Ciliates mucous membranes
Alveolar macrophages
IGA antibodies

Question 6

What is streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 6

Strep throat

Question 7

What does pharyngitis mean?

Answer 7

Infection of the throat

Question 8

What is the main bacteria that causes strep throat ?

Answer 8

Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 9

What is streptococcus pyogenes
( gram stain, group, beta/alpha, shape?)

Answer 9

Positive
Group a
Beta
Coccus

Question 10

What other things are caused by streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 10

Impetigo
Erysipelas’s
Necro facilistis

Question 11

What are the virulence factors of streptococcus pyogenes ? (3)

Answer 11

M protein
Streptokinase
Streptolysisns

Question 12

What is the transmission of streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 12

Respiratory route

Question 13

What is the diagnosis of strep throat?
( C, A, I ) (3)

Answer 13

Culture of throat swab
Quick agglutination test
Rapid enzyme immunoassay

Question 14

What are the symptoms of strep throat?

Answer 14

Same like viral pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Rheumatic fever ( severe untreated )

Question 15

What is a bad symptom to get if you leave strep throat undertreated?

Answer 15

Rheumatic fever

Question 16

What’s the difference if you were to get viral strep throat and bacteria?

Answer 16

Bacterial- white pus
Viral - enlarged red tonsils

Question 17

What does streptokinase do in streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 17

Lyse clots

Question 18

What does streptolysins do?

Answer 18

They are cytotoxic

Question 19

What is diphtheria bacteria?

Answer 19

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Question 20

What is diphtheria
( non spore/spore, gram stain, shape?)

Answer 20

Non spore forming
Positive
Plemorphic rod

Question 21

How is diptheria transmitted?

Answer 21

Respiratory route

Question 22

What happens once diptheria is in the body? (5)

Answer 22

Cell replicate in throat
Secrete exotoxin
Exotoxin inhibitz protein synthesis
Synthesis cause kidney/heart failure
Severe inflammatory response

Question 23

What are the symptoms of diptheria ?

Answer 23

Sore throat
Fever
Weakness

Question 24

What is the biggest symptom one can use to diagnosis diphtheria? And causes?

Answer 24

Grayish, tough pseudomembrane
Which covers the thorat
Blocks air passage
Causing suffocation

Question 25

What is the vaccine of diptheria?

Answer 25

DTAP vaccine

Question 26

Is the DTAP vaccine a subunit vaccine?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

When do we give out the DTAP vaccine? What age group?

Answer 27

2 months, 4,6,8 and then again at 5 years of age to promote immunity

Question 28

Are the common colds bacteria?

Answer 28

NOOOO NEVER!!!!! ALSO VIRUS!!!

Question 29

What is rhinovirus? For common colds? ( family, non or enveloped, single or double, dna or rna )

Answer 29

Picornaviridae Non eceloped Single stranded Rna

Question 30

What percentage of common colds are rhinoviruses?

Answer 30

30-50%

Question 31

What is coronaviruses? ( family, enveloped or non, single or double, rna or dna ?)

Answer 31

Coronaviridae Enveloped Single stranded Rna

Question 32

What is the percentage of Coronaviridae that causes the common cold?

Answer 32

10-15%

Question 33

What is the defense for common colds?

Answer 33

IgA antibodies

Question 34

What is the transmission of the common colds? (2)

Answer 34

Respiratory and hand transmission

Question 35

What are the symptoms of the common cold?

Answer 35

Sneezing Coughing NASAL discharge Congestion

Question 36

Is there treatment or vaccine for common colds?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Why no vaccine for common colds?

Answer 37

Too many new strains and mutations to keep track off

Question 38

Are common colds virus?

Answer 38

YESSS ALWAYS!!!!

Question 39

What does TB stand for?

Answer 39

Tuberculosis

Question 40

Is TB the deadliest infection of the entire world?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What is the bacteria that causes TB?

Answer 41

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 42

What is tuberculosis ( gram stain, shape, aerobic or anaerobic and contains what?)

Answer 42

Positive Rod Aerobic Acid fast

Question 43

TB grows very slow ____ and it’s __ hours?

Answer 43

Generation time ( Grow very slowly ) 20 hours

Question 44

TB has what in its cell wall?

Answer 44

Mycolic acid

Question 45

Mycolic acids resist what?

Answer 45

Resist drying and disinfects

Question 46

TB is the number one cause of death in what type of patients?

Answer 46

AIDS ( acquired immune deficiency syndrome )

Question 47

Mycobacterium has a waxy lipid wall which means it has?

Answer 47

Mycolic acids

Question 48

What is the transmission of TB?

Answer 48

Inhalation -> lungs ( air )

Question 49

What type of test can we do on a patient that isn’t a skin or blood test to see a sign of TB?

Answer 49

An acid fast stain ( sputum:spit sample )

Question 50

What are symptoms of TB?

Answer 50

Fever, fatigue, coughing

Question 51

Is TB chronic for immunodeficiency people?

Answer 51

Yes super

Question 52

What is the severe symptoms of TB?

Answer 52

Coughing Blood

Question 53

In French what did they call TB?

Answer 53

Consumption

Question 54

What is a prevention method for TB? And what is it?

Answer 54

BCG vaccine Live attenuated vaccine

Question 55

What does BCG stand for?

Answer 55

Bacillus calmette Guerin

Question 56

What is the strain that we use in the BCG vaccine to prevent TB?

Answer 56

A cow strain ( M. Bovis )

Question 57

What is an indication of TB when we use a radiography and see lesions ?

Answer 57

Ghon complex

Question 58

Does Ghon complex say that someone has TB ?

Answer 58

No, it just says TB infection in which can lead to an TB case

Question 59

What is the treatment for TB? And for how long?

Answer 59

3 drugs 9 months -1 year

Question 60

What does Tubercle mean?

Answer 60

Small lump, characteristic of TB

Question 61

Can TB lay dorment?

Answer 61

Yes

Question 62

What is the TB skin test called?

Answer 62

PPD test

Question 63

What do we do in a PPD test?

Answer 63

Inject the skin with TB proteins to see if the person has Been infected with TB

Question 64

What are the results of a TB test? (2)

Answer 64

Negative and positive

Question 65

What does a negative PPD test mean?

Answer 65

Less than 5mm in size And no TB

Question 66

What does a positive mean in TB skin PPD test? And how does it look like?

Answer 66

Exposed, but not really have it Bigger than 10mm and red

Question 67

Can there be a false positive and how in a PPD test?

Answer 67

Yes From taking the BCG vaccine

Question 68

Are there new methods of testing for TB and what is it, that isn’t PPD? And name? ( N A A T )

Answer 68

Blood testing Called NAAT ( nucleic acid amplication test )

Question 69

Can TB skin test leave a scar?

Answer 69

Yes

Question 70

What are the 3 highly deadly infections? ( pre covid )

Answer 70

- HIV - malaria - TB

Question 71

What is bacterial pneumonias?

Answer 71

Inflammation of the lungs ( Bronchi & alveoli )

Question 72

What is bacteria pneumonia caused by what bacteria?

Answer 72

Streptococcus pneumonia

Question 73

Streptococcal pneumonia causes what?

Answer 73

Pneumonia & meningitis

Question 74

Streptococcus pneumonia is what? ( gram and shape?)

Answer 74

Positive Diplococci

Question 75

What is mycoplasma ?and caused?

Answer 75

Without a cell wall Walking Pneumoniae